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Sex-dependent and sex-independent brain resting-state functional connectivity in children with autism spectrum disorder

Xin Di, View ORCID ProfileBharat B. Biswal
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/038026
Xin Di
Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
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Bharat B. Biswal
Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
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  • ORCID record for Bharat B. Biswal
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Abstract

Background Males are more likely to suffer from autism spectrum disorder (ASD) than females. As to whether females with ASD have similar brain alterations remain an open question. The current study aimed to examine sex-dependent as well as sex-independent alterations in resting-state functional connectivity in individuals with ASD compared with typically developing (TD) individuals.

Method Resting-state functional MRI data were acquired from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE). Subjects between 6 to 20 years of age were included for analysis. After matching the intelligence quotient between groups for each dataset, and removing subjects due to excessive head motion, the resulting effective sample contained 28 females with ASD, 49 TD females, 129 males with ASD, and 141 TD males, with a two (diagnosis) by two (sex) design. Functional connectivity among 153 regions of interest (ROIs) comprising the whole brain was computed. Two by two analysis of variance was used to identify connectivity that showed diagnosis by sex interaction or main effects of diagnosis.

Results The main effects of diagnosis were found mainly between visual cortex and other brain regions, indicating sex-independent connectivity alterations. We also observed two connections whose connectivity showed diagnosis by sex interaction between the precuneus and medial cerebellum as well as the precunes and dorsal frontal cortex. While males with ASD showed higher connectivity in these connections compared with TD males, females with ASD had lower connectivity than their counterparts.

Conclusions Both sex-dependent and sex-independent functional connectivity alterations are present in ASD.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.
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Posted January 27, 2016.
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Sex-dependent and sex-independent brain resting-state functional connectivity in children with autism spectrum disorder
Xin Di, Bharat B. Biswal
bioRxiv 038026; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/038026
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Sex-dependent and sex-independent brain resting-state functional connectivity in children with autism spectrum disorder
Xin Di, Bharat B. Biswal
bioRxiv 038026; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/038026

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