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Compaction and segregation of sister chromatids via active loop extrusion

Anton Goloborodko, Maksim V. Imakaev, John F. Marko, Leonid Mirny
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/038281
Anton Goloborodko
1Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA 02139
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Maksim V. Imakaev
1Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA 02139
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John F. Marko
2Department of Molecular Biosciences and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston IL 60208
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Leonid Mirny
1Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA 02139
3Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA 02139
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  • For correspondence: leonid@mit.edu
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Abstract

The mechanism by which chromatids and chromosomes are segregated during mitosis and meiosis is a major puzzle of biology and biophysics. Using polymer simulations of chromosome dynamics, we show that a single mechanism of loop extrusion by condensins can robustly compact, segregate and disentangle chromosomes, arriving at individualized chromatids with morphology observed in vivo. Our model resolves the paradox of topological simplification concomitant with chromosome “condensation”, and explains how enzymes a few nanometers in size are able to control chromosome geometry and topology at micron length scales. We suggest that loop extrusion is a universal mechanism of genome folding that mediates functional interactions during interphase and compacts chromosomes during mitosis.

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Posted January 30, 2016.
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Compaction and segregation of sister chromatids via active loop extrusion
Anton Goloborodko, Maksim V. Imakaev, John F. Marko, Leonid Mirny
bioRxiv 038281; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/038281
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Compaction and segregation of sister chromatids via active loop extrusion
Anton Goloborodko, Maksim V. Imakaev, John F. Marko, Leonid Mirny
bioRxiv 038281; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/038281

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