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Left-right leaf asymmetry in decussate and distichous phyllotactic systems

View ORCID ProfileCiera C. Martinez, View ORCID ProfileDaniel H. Chitwood, Richard S. Smith, View ORCID ProfileNeelima R. Sinha
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/043869
Ciera C. Martinez
1Dept. of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
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Daniel H. Chitwood
2Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132 USA
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Richard S. Smith
3Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, 50829 Germany.
4Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland
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Neelima R. Sinha
5Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
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  • For correspondence: nrsinha@ucdavis.edu
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ABSTRACT

Leaves in plants with spiral phyllotaxy exhibit directional asymmetries, such that all the leaves originating from a meristem of a particular chirality are similarly asymmetric relative to each other. Models of auxin flux capable of recapitulating spiral phyllotaxis predict handed auxin asymmetries in initiating leaf primordia with empirically verifiable effects on superficially bilaterally symmetric leaves. Here, we extend a similar analysis of leaf asymmetry to decussate and distichous phyllotaxy. We found that our simulation models of these two patterns predicted mirrored asymmetries in auxin distribution in leaf primordia pairs. To empirically verify the morphological consequences of asymmetric auxin distribution, we analyzed the morphology of a tomato sister-of-pinformed1a (sopin1a) mutant, entire-2, in which spiral phyllotaxy consistently transitions to a decussate state. Shifts in the displacement of leaflets on the left and right sides of entire-2 leaf pairs mirror each other, corroborating predicted model results. We then analyze the shape of >800 commonivy (Hedera helix) and >3,000 grapevine (Vitis and Ampelopsis spp.) leaf pairs and find statistical enrichment of predicted mirrored asymmetries. Our results demonstrate that left-right auxin asymmetries in models of decussate and distichous phyllotaxy successfully predict mirrored asymmetric leaf morphologies in superficially symmetric leaves.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license.
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Posted March 15, 2016.
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Left-right leaf asymmetry in decussate and distichous phyllotactic systems
Ciera C. Martinez, Daniel H. Chitwood, Richard S. Smith, Neelima R. Sinha
bioRxiv 043869; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/043869
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Left-right leaf asymmetry in decussate and distichous phyllotactic systems
Ciera C. Martinez, Daniel H. Chitwood, Richard S. Smith, Neelima R. Sinha
bioRxiv 043869; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/043869

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