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Soil Protists in Three Neotropical Rainforests are Hyperdiverse and Dominated by Parasites

Frédéric Mahé, Colomban de Vargas, David Bass, Lucas Czech, Alexandros Stamatakis, Enrique Lara, Jordan Mayor, John Bunge, Sarah Sernaker, Tobias Siemensmeyer, Isabelle Trautmann, Sarah Romac, Cédric Berney, Alexey Kozlov, Edward A. D. Mitchell, Christophe V.W. Seppey, David Singer, Elianne Egge, Rainer Wirth, Gabriel Trueba, Micah Dunthorn
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/050997
Frédéric Mahé
1Department of Ecology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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Colomban de Vargas
2CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France.
3Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France.
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David Bass
4Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum London, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom.
5Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom.
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Lucas Czech
6Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Schloß-Wolfsbrunnenweg, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Alexandros Stamatakis
6Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Schloß-Wolfsbrunnenweg, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.
7Institute for Theoretical Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Am Fasanengarten, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Enrique Lara
8Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, Université de Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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Jordan Mayor
9Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogsmarksgränd, 90183 Umeå, Sweden.
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John Bunge
10Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Gates Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
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Sarah Sernaker
11Department of Statistical Science, Cornell University, Malott Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
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Tobias Siemensmeyer
1Department of Ecology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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Isabelle Trautmann
1Department of Ecology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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Sarah Romac
2CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France.
3Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France.
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Cédric Berney
2CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France.
3Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France.
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Alexey Kozlov
6Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Schloß-Wolfsbrunnenweg, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Edward A. D. Mitchell
8Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, Université de Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
12Jardin Botanique de Neuchâtel, Pertuis-du-Sault, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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Christophe V.W. Seppey
8Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, Université de Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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David Singer
8Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, Université de Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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Elianne Egge
13Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
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Rainer Wirth
14Department of Plant Ecology and Systematics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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Gabriel Trueba
15Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles, Cumbayá, Ecuador.
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Micah Dunthorn
1Department of Ecology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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  • For correspondence: dunthorn@rhrk.uni-kl.de
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Abstract

Although animals and plants in tropical rainforests are known to be hyperdiverse within and between communities, it is unknown if similar patterns are reflected at the microbial scale with unicellular eukaryotes or protists. Using environmental DNA sequencing of soils sampled in rainforests from Costa Rica, Panama, and Ecuador, we found that the Apicomplexa dominated the protist communities; these parasites potentially promote animal diversity in the forests by reducing population growth rates in a density-dependent manner similar to the Janzen-Connell hypothesis for tropical trees. Extremely high OTU diversity and high OTU turnover between samples within the same forests suggest that protists, not arthropods, are the most diverse eukaryotes in tropical rainforests, and that rainforest soil protists are at least as diverse, and potentially more diverse, than those in the marine plankton.

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Posted April 29, 2016.
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Soil Protists in Three Neotropical Rainforests are Hyperdiverse and Dominated by Parasites
Frédéric Mahé, Colomban de Vargas, David Bass, Lucas Czech, Alexandros Stamatakis, Enrique Lara, Jordan Mayor, John Bunge, Sarah Sernaker, Tobias Siemensmeyer, Isabelle Trautmann, Sarah Romac, Cédric Berney, Alexey Kozlov, Edward A. D. Mitchell, Christophe V.W. Seppey, David Singer, Elianne Egge, Rainer Wirth, Gabriel Trueba, Micah Dunthorn
bioRxiv 050997; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/050997
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Soil Protists in Three Neotropical Rainforests are Hyperdiverse and Dominated by Parasites
Frédéric Mahé, Colomban de Vargas, David Bass, Lucas Czech, Alexandros Stamatakis, Enrique Lara, Jordan Mayor, John Bunge, Sarah Sernaker, Tobias Siemensmeyer, Isabelle Trautmann, Sarah Romac, Cédric Berney, Alexey Kozlov, Edward A. D. Mitchell, Christophe V.W. Seppey, David Singer, Elianne Egge, Rainer Wirth, Gabriel Trueba, Micah Dunthorn
bioRxiv 050997; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/050997

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