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Substoichiometric molecular control and amplification of the initiation and nature of amyloid fibril formation: lessons from and for blood clotting

Douglas B. Kell, Etheresia Pretorius
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/054734
Douglas B. Kell
1School of Chemistry,
2The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology,
3Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals, The University of Manchester, 131, Princess St, MANCHESTER M1 7DN, Lancs, UK
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  • For correspondence: dbk@manchester.ac.uk resia.pretorius@up.ac.za
Etheresia Pretorius
4Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia 0007, South Africa.
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  • For correspondence: dbk@manchester.ac.uk resia.pretorius@up.ac.za
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Abstract

The chief and largely terminal element of normal blood clotting is considered to involve the polymerisation of the mainly α-helical fibrinogen to fibrin, with a binding mechanism involving ‘knobs and holes’ but with otherwise littl change in protein secondary structure. We recognise, however, that extremely unusual mutations, or mechanical stressing, can cause fibrinogen to adopt a conformation containing extensive β-sheets. Similarly, prions can change morphology from a largely alpha-helical to a largely β-sheet conformation, and the latter catalyses both the transition and the self-organising polymerisation of the β-sheet structures. Many other proteins can do this, where it is known as amyloidogenesis. When fibrin is formed in samples from patients harbouring different diseases it can have widely varying diameters and morphologies. We here develop the idea, and summarise the evidence, that in many cases the anomalous fibrin fibre formation seen in such diseases actually amounts to amyloidogenesis. In particular, fibrin can interact withthe amyloid-β (Aβ) protein that is misfolded in Alzheimer's disease. Seeing these unusual fibrin morphologies as true amyloids explains a great deal about fibrin(ogen) biology that was previously opaque, and provides novel strategies for treating such coagulopathies. The literature on blood clotting can usefully both inform and be informed by that on prions and on the many other widely recognised (β)-amyloid proteins.

“Novel but physiologically important factors that affect fibrinolysis have seldom been discovered and characterized in recent years” [1]

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY 4.0 International license.
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Posted May 21, 2016.
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Substoichiometric molecular control and amplification of the initiation and nature of amyloid fibril formation: lessons from and for blood clotting
Douglas B. Kell, Etheresia Pretorius
bioRxiv 054734; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/054734
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Substoichiometric molecular control and amplification of the initiation and nature of amyloid fibril formation: lessons from and for blood clotting
Douglas B. Kell, Etheresia Pretorius
bioRxiv 054734; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/054734

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