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Ancient European dog genomes reveal continuity since the early Neolithic

Laura R. Botigué, Shiya Song, Amelie Scheu, Shyamalika Gopalan, Amanda L. Pendleton, Matthew Oetjens, Angela M. Taravella, Timo Seregély, Andrea Zeeb-Lanz, Rose-Marie Arbogast, Dean Bobo, Kevin Daly, Martina Unterländer, Joachim Burger, Jeffrey M. Kidd, Krishna R. Veeramah
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/068189
Laura R. Botigué
1Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York,11794–5245, USA.
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Shiya Song
2Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Amelie Scheu
3Palaeogenetics Group, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
8Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Shyamalika Gopalan
1Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York,11794–5245, USA.
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Amanda L. Pendleton
4Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Matthew Oetjens
4Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Angela M. Taravella
4Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Timo Seregély
5Department of Prehistoric Archaeology, Institute of Archaeology, Heritage Sciences and Art History, University of Bamberg, 96045 Bamberg, Germany.
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Andrea Zeeb-Lanz
6Generaldirektion Kulturelles Erbe Rheinland-Pfalz, State Archaeology, Department for Monumental Heritage Speyer, 67346 Speyer, Germany.
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Rose-Marie Arbogast
7CNRS UMR 7044–UDS, 5 allée du Général Rouvillois F 67083 Strasbourg, France.
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Dean Bobo
1Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York,11794–5245, USA.
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Kevin Daly
8Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Martina Unterländer
3Palaeogenetics Group, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
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Joachim Burger
3Palaeogenetics Group, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
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Jeffrey M. Kidd
2Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
4Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Krishna R. Veeramah
1Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York,11794–5245, USA.
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  • For correspondence: krishna.veeramah@stonybrook.edu
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Abstract

Europe has played a major role in dog evolution, harbouring the oldest uncontested Palaeolithic remains and having been the centre of modern dog breed creation. We sequenced the whole genomes of an Early and End Neolithic dog from Germany, including a sample associated with one of Europe’s earliest farming communities. Both dogs demonstrate continuity with each other and predominantly share ancestry with modern European dogs, contradicting a Late Neolithic population replacement previously suggested by analysis of mitochondrial DNA and a Late Neolithic Irish genome. However, our End Neolithic sample possesses additional ancestry found in modern Indian dogs, which we speculate may be derived from dogs that accompanied humans from the Eastern European steppe migrating into Central Europe. By calibrating the mutation rate using our oldest dog, we narrow the timing of dog domestication to 20,000–40,000 years ago. Interestingly, the extreme copy number expansion of the AMY2B gene found in modern dogs was not observed in the ancient samples, indicating that the AMY2B copy number increase arose as an adaptation to starch-rich diets after the advent of agriculture in theNeolithic period.

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Posted August 05, 2016.
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Ancient European dog genomes reveal continuity since the early Neolithic
Laura R. Botigué, Shiya Song, Amelie Scheu, Shyamalika Gopalan, Amanda L. Pendleton, Matthew Oetjens, Angela M. Taravella, Timo Seregély, Andrea Zeeb-Lanz, Rose-Marie Arbogast, Dean Bobo, Kevin Daly, Martina Unterländer, Joachim Burger, Jeffrey M. Kidd, Krishna R. Veeramah
bioRxiv 068189; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/068189
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Ancient European dog genomes reveal continuity since the early Neolithic
Laura R. Botigué, Shiya Song, Amelie Scheu, Shyamalika Gopalan, Amanda L. Pendleton, Matthew Oetjens, Angela M. Taravella, Timo Seregély, Andrea Zeeb-Lanz, Rose-Marie Arbogast, Dean Bobo, Kevin Daly, Martina Unterländer, Joachim Burger, Jeffrey M. Kidd, Krishna R. Veeramah
bioRxiv 068189; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/068189

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