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Patterns of temporal and enemy niche use by a community of leaf cone moths (Caloptilia) coexisting on maples (Acer) as revealed by metabarcoding

View ORCID ProfileRyosuke Nakadai, Atsushi Kawakita
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/094417
Ryosuke Nakadai
1Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2-509-3, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113 Japan
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Atsushi Kawakita
1Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2-509-3, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113 Japan
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Abstract

The diversity of herbivorous insects is often considered a function of host plant diversity. However, recent research has uncovered many examples of closely related herbivores using the same host plant(s), suggesting that partitioning of host plants is not the only mechanism generating diversity. Herbivores sharing hosts may utilize different parts of the same plant, but such resource partitioning is often not apparent; hence, the factors that allow closely related herbivores to coexist are still largely undetermined. We examined whether partitioning of phenology or natural enemies may explain the coexistence of leaf cone moths (Caloptilia; Gracillariidae) associated with maples (Acer; Sapindaceae). Larval activity of 10 sympatric Caloptilia species found on nine maple species was monitored every 2–3 weeks for a total of 13 sampling events, and an exhaustive search for internal parasitoid wasps was conducted using high-throughput sequencing. Blocking primers were used to facilitate the detection of wasp larvae inside moth tissue. We found considerable phenological overlap among Caloptilia species, with two clear peaks in July and September–October. Coexisting Caloptilia species also had largely overlapping parasitoid communities; a total of 13 wasp species belonging to four families attacked Caloptilia in a non-specific fashion at an overall parasitism rate of 46.4%. Although coexistence may be facilitated by factors not accounted for in this study, it appears that niche partitioning is not necessary for closely related herbivores to stably coexist on shared hosts. Co-occurrence without resource partitioning may provide an additional axis along which herbivorous insects attain increased species richness.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted December 15, 2016.
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Patterns of temporal and enemy niche use by a community of leaf cone moths (Caloptilia) coexisting on maples (Acer) as revealed by metabarcoding
Ryosuke Nakadai, Atsushi Kawakita
bioRxiv 094417; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/094417
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Patterns of temporal and enemy niche use by a community of leaf cone moths (Caloptilia) coexisting on maples (Acer) as revealed by metabarcoding
Ryosuke Nakadai, Atsushi Kawakita
bioRxiv 094417; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/094417

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