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Selectivity matters: rules of thumb for management of plate-sized, sex-changing fish in the live reef food fish trade

View ORCID ProfileHolly K. Kindsvater, John D. Reynolds, Yvonne Sadovy de Mitcheson, Marc Mangel
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/098624
Holly K. Kindsvater
aDept. of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Rd., New Brunswick, NJ, USA 08901
bEarth to Ocean Research Group, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University,Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
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  • ORCID record for Holly K. Kindsvater
  • For correspondence: holly.kindsvater@gmail.com holly.kindsvater@rutgers.edu
John D. Reynolds
bEarth to Ocean Research Group, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University,Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
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Yvonne Sadovy de Mitcheson
cSwire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
dScience and Conservation of Fish Aggregations (SCRFA)
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Marc Mangel
eCenter for Stock Assessment Research, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 96064.
fTheoretical Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen 9020 Norway
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Abstract

Effective management of fisheries depends on the selectivity of different fishing methods, control of fishing effort, and the life history and mating system of the target species. For sex-changing species, it is unclear how the truncation of age structure or selection of specific size or age classes (by fishing for specific markets) affects population dynamics. We specifically address the consequences of plate-sized selectivity, whereby sub-mature, ‘plate-sized’ fish are preferred in the live reef food fish trade. We use an age-structured model to investigate the decline and recovery of populations fished with three different selectivity scenarios (asymptotic, dome-shaped, and plate-sized) applied to two sexual systems (female-first hermaphroditism and gonochorism). We parameterized our model with life-history data from Brown-marbled grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) and Napoleon fish (Cheilinus undulatus). ‘Plate-sized’ selectivity had the greatest negative effect on population trajectories, assuming accumulated fishing effort across ages was equal, while the relative effect of fishing on biomass was greatest with low natural mortality. Fishing such sex-changing species before maturation decreased egg production (and the spawning potential ratio) in two ways: average individual size decreased, and, assuming plasticity, females became males at a smaller size. Somatic growth rate affected biomass if selectivity was based on size-at-age because in slow growers, a smaller proportion of total biomass was vulnerable to fishing. We recommend fisheries avoid taking individuals near their maturation age, regardless of mating system, unless catch is tightly controlled. We also discuss the implications of fishing post-settlement individuals on population dynamics and offer practical management recommendations.

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Posted January 15, 2017.
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Selectivity matters: rules of thumb for management of plate-sized, sex-changing fish in the live reef food fish trade
Holly K. Kindsvater, John D. Reynolds, Yvonne Sadovy de Mitcheson, Marc Mangel
bioRxiv 098624; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/098624
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Selectivity matters: rules of thumb for management of plate-sized, sex-changing fish in the live reef food fish trade
Holly K. Kindsvater, John D. Reynolds, Yvonne Sadovy de Mitcheson, Marc Mangel
bioRxiv 098624; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/098624

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