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The Drosophila Dosage Compensation Complex activates target genes by chromosome looping within the active compartment

Tamás Schauer, Yad Ghavi-Helm, Tom Sexton, Christian Albig, Catherine Regnard, Giacomo Cavalli, Eileen E M Furlong, Peter B Becker
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/101634
Tamás Schauer
1Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Center and Center for integrated Protein Science Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Yad Ghavi-Helm
2European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
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Tom Sexton
3Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Illkirch, France
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Christian Albig
1Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Center and Center for integrated Protein Science Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Catherine Regnard
1Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Center and Center for integrated Protein Science Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Giacomo Cavalli
4Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS, Montpellier, France
5University of Montpellier, France
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Eileen E M Furlong
2European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
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Peter B Becker
1Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Center and Center for integrated Protein Science Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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  • For correspondence: pbecker@med.uni-muenchen.de
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Abstract

X chromosome dosage compensation in Drosophila requires chromosome-wide coordination of gene activation. The male-specific-lethal dosage compensation complex (DCC) identifies X chromosomal High Affinity Sites (HAS) from which it boosts transcription. A sub-class of HAS, PionX sites, represent first contacts on the X. Here, we explored the chromosomal interactions of representative PionX sites by high-resolution 4C and determined the global chromosome conformation by Hi-C in sex-sorted embryos. Male and female X chromosomes display similar nuclear architecture, concordant with clustered, constitutively active genes. PionX sites, like HAS, are evenly distributed in the active compartment and engage in short- and long-range interactions beyond compartment boundaries. By de novo induction of DCC in female cells, we monitored the extent of activation surrounding PionX sites. This revealed a remarkable range of DCC action not only in linear proximity, but also at megabase distance if close in space, suggesting that DCC profits from pre-existing chromosome folding to activate genes.

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Posted January 19, 2017.
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The Drosophila Dosage Compensation Complex activates target genes by chromosome looping within the active compartment
Tamás Schauer, Yad Ghavi-Helm, Tom Sexton, Christian Albig, Catherine Regnard, Giacomo Cavalli, Eileen E M Furlong, Peter B Becker
bioRxiv 101634; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/101634
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The Drosophila Dosage Compensation Complex activates target genes by chromosome looping within the active compartment
Tamás Schauer, Yad Ghavi-Helm, Tom Sexton, Christian Albig, Catherine Regnard, Giacomo Cavalli, Eileen E M Furlong, Peter B Becker
bioRxiv 101634; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/101634

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