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Millennia of genomic stability within the invasive Para C Lineage of Salmonella enterica

View ORCID ProfileZhemin Zhou, View ORCID ProfileInge Lundstrøm, Alicia Tran-Dien, View ORCID ProfileSebastián Duchêne, View ORCID ProfileNabil-Fareed Alikhan, View ORCID ProfileMartin J. Sergeant, View ORCID ProfileGemma Langridge, View ORCID ProfileAnna K. Fotakis, View ORCID ProfileSatheesh Nair, View ORCID ProfileHans K. Stenøien, View ORCID ProfileStian S. Hamre, View ORCID ProfileSherwood Casjens, Axel Christophersen, View ORCID ProfileChristopher Quince, Nicholas R. Thomson, View ORCID ProfileFrançois-Xavier Weill, View ORCID ProfileSimon Y.W. Ho, View ORCID ProfileM. Thomas P. Gilbert, View ORCID ProfileMark Achtman
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/105759
Zhemin Zhou
1Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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  • For correspondence: m.achtman@warwick.ac.uk tgilbert@snm.ku.dk zhemin.zhou@warwick.ac.uk
Inge Lundstrøm
2Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Alicia Tran-Dien
3Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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Sebastián Duchêne
4Centre for Systems Genomics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Nabil-Fareed Alikhan
1Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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Martin J. Sergeant
1Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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Gemma Langridge
5Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
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Anna K. Fotakis
2Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Satheesh Nair
5Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
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Hans K. Stenøien
6NTNU University Museum, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Stian S. Hamre
7Department of Archaeology, History, Cultural Studies and Religion, University of Bergen, Post Box 7805, 5020 Bergen, Norway
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Sherwood Casjens
8Pathology Department, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, U.S.A.
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Axel Christophersen
6NTNU University Museum, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Christopher Quince
1Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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Nicholas R. Thomson
5Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
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François-Xavier Weill
3Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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Simon Y.W. Ho
9School of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Sydney; Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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M. Thomas P. Gilbert
2Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
6NTNU University Museum, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
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  • For correspondence: m.achtman@warwick.ac.uk tgilbert@snm.ku.dk zhemin.zhou@warwick.ac.uk
Mark Achtman
1Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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  • For correspondence: m.achtman@warwick.ac.uk tgilbert@snm.ku.dk zhemin.zhou@warwick.ac.uk
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Abstract

Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi C is the causative agent of enteric (paratyphoid) fever. While today a potentially lethal infection of humans that occurs in Africa and Asia, early 20th century observations in Eastern Europe suggest it may once have had a wider-ranging impact on human societies. We recovered a draft Paratyphi C genome from the 800-year-old skeleton of a young woman in Trondheim, Norway, who likely died of enteric fever. Analysis of this genome against a new, significantly expanded database of related modern genomes demonstrated that Paratyphi C is descended from the ancestors of swine pathogens, serovars Choleraesuis and Typhisuis, together forming the Para C Lineage. Our results indicate that Paratyphi C has been a pathogen of humans for at least 1,000 years, and may have evolved after zoonotic transfer from swine during the Neolithic period.

One Sentence Summary The combination of an 800-year-old Salmonella enterica Paratyphi C genome with genomes from extant bacteria reshapes our understanding of this pathogen’s origins and evolution.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted February 14, 2017.
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Millennia of genomic stability within the invasive Para C Lineage of Salmonella enterica
Zhemin Zhou, Inge Lundstrøm, Alicia Tran-Dien, Sebastián Duchêne, Nabil-Fareed Alikhan, Martin J. Sergeant, Gemma Langridge, Anna K. Fotakis, Satheesh Nair, Hans K. Stenøien, Stian S. Hamre, Sherwood Casjens, Axel Christophersen, Christopher Quince, Nicholas R. Thomson, François-Xavier Weill, Simon Y.W. Ho, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Mark Achtman
bioRxiv 105759; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/105759
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Millennia of genomic stability within the invasive Para C Lineage of Salmonella enterica
Zhemin Zhou, Inge Lundstrøm, Alicia Tran-Dien, Sebastián Duchêne, Nabil-Fareed Alikhan, Martin J. Sergeant, Gemma Langridge, Anna K. Fotakis, Satheesh Nair, Hans K. Stenøien, Stian S. Hamre, Sherwood Casjens, Axel Christophersen, Christopher Quince, Nicholas R. Thomson, François-Xavier Weill, Simon Y.W. Ho, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Mark Achtman
bioRxiv 105759; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/105759

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