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The maternal genetic make-up of the Iberian Peninsula between the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age

Anna Szécsényi-Nagy, Christina Roth, Guido Brandt, Cristina Rihuete-Herrada, Cristina Tejedor-Rodríguez, Petra Held, Íñigo García-Martínez-de-Lagrán, Héctor Arcusa Magallón, Stephanie Zesch, Corina Knipper, Eszter Bánffy, Susanne Friederich, Harald Meller, Primitiva Bueno Ramírez, Rosa Barroso Bermejo, Rodrigo de Balbín Behrmann, Ana M. Herrero-Corral, Raúl Flores Fernández, Carmen Alonso Fernández, Javier Jiménez Echevarria, Laura Rindlisbacher, Camila Oliart, María-Inés Fregeiro, Ignacio Soriano, Oriol Vicente, Rafael Micó, Vicente Lull, Jorge Soler Díaz, Juan Antonio López Padilla, Consuelo Roca de Togores Muñoz, Mauro S. Hernández Pérez, Francisco Javier Jover Maestre, Joaquín Lomba Maurandi, Azucena Avilés Fernández, Katina T. Lillios, Ana Maria Silva, Miguel Magalhães Ramalho, Luiz Miguel Oosterbeek, Claudia Cunha, Anna J. Waterman, Jordi Roig Buxó, Andrés Martínez, Juana Ponce Martínez, Mark Hunt Ortiz, Juan Carlos Mejías-García, Juan Carlos Pecero Espín, Rosario Cruz-Auñón Briones, Tiago Tomé, Eduardo Carmona Ballestero, João Luís Cardoso, Ana Cristina Araújo, Corina Liesau von Lettow-Vorbeck, Concepción Blasco Bosqued, Patricia Ríos Mendoza, Ana Pujante, José I. Royo-Guillén, Marco Aurelio Esquembre Beviá, Victor Manuel Dos Santos Goncalves, Rui Parreira, Elena Morán Hernández, Elena Méndez Izquierdo, Jorge Vega de Miguel, Roberto Menduiña García, Victoria Martínez Calvo, Oscar López Jiménez, Johannes Krause, Sandra L. Pichler, Rafael Garrido-Pena, Michael Kunst, Roberto Risch, Manuel A. Rojo-Guerra, Wolfgang Haak, Kurt W. Alt
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/106963
Anna Szécsényi-Nagy
1Laboratory of Archaeogenetics in the Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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  • For correspondence: szecsenyi-nagy.anna@btk.mta.hu kurt.alt@unibas.ch
Christina Roth
2Department of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Guido Brandt
3Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
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Cristina Rihuete-Herrada
4Departamento de Prehistoria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Cristina Tejedor-Rodríguez
5Arcadia-General Foundation of Valladolid University, Valladolid, Spain
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Petra Held
2Department of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Íñigo García-Martínez-de-Lagrán
5Arcadia-General Foundation of Valladolid University, Valladolid, Spain
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Héctor Arcusa Magallón
5Arcadia-General Foundation of Valladolid University, Valladolid, Spain
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Stephanie Zesch
6German Mummy Project, Reiss-Engelhorn-Museen, Mannheim, Germany
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Corina Knipper
7Curt-Engelhorn-Zentrum Archäometrie gGmbH, Mannheim, Germany
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Eszter Bánffy
8Romano-Germanic Commission, German Archaeological Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Susanne Friederich
9State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, Halle, Germany
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Harald Meller
9State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, Halle, Germany
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Primitiva Bueno Ramírez
10Departamento de Historia y Fil, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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Rosa Barroso Bermejo
10Departamento de Historia y Fil, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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Rodrigo de Balbín Behrmann
10Departamento de Historia y Fil, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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Ana M. Herrero-Corral
11Departamento de Prehistoria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Raúl Flores Fernández
12Professional Archaeologist, Parla (Madrid), Spain
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Carmen Alonso Fernández
13Cronos SC Arqueología y Patrimonio, Burgos, Spain
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Javier Jiménez Echevarria
13Cronos SC Arqueología y Patrimonio, Burgos, Spain
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Laura Rindlisbacher
14Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Camila Oliart
4Departamento de Prehistoria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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María-Inés Fregeiro
4Departamento de Prehistoria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Ignacio Soriano
4Departamento de Prehistoria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Oriol Vicente
4Departamento de Prehistoria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Rafael Micó
4Departamento de Prehistoria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Vicente Lull
4Departamento de Prehistoria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Jorge Soler Díaz
15Museo Arqeológico de Alicante-MARQ, Alicante, Spain
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Juan Antonio López Padilla
15Museo Arqeológico de Alicante-MARQ, Alicante, Spain
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Consuelo Roca de Togores Muñoz
15Museo Arqeológico de Alicante-MARQ, Alicante, Spain
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Mauro S. Hernández Pérez
16Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Historia Antigua, Filología Griega y Filología Latina, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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Francisco Javier Jover Maestre
16Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Historia Antigua, Filología Griega y Filología Latina, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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Joaquín Lomba Maurandi
17Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología, Historia Antigua, Historia Medieval y Ciencias y Técnicas Historiográficas, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Azucena Avilés Fernández
17Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología, Historia Antigua, Historia Medieval y Ciencias y Técnicas Historiográficas, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Katina T. Lillios
18Department of Anthropology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
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Ana Maria Silva
19Research Center for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Miguel Magalhães Ramalho
20Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, I.P., Museu Geológico, Lisboa, Portugal
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Luiz Miguel Oosterbeek
21Instituto Politécnico de Tomar, Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Tomar, Tomar, Portugal
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Claudia Cunha
22Bolsista PCI, Coordenação de Ciências Humanas, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Brazil
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Anna J. Waterman
23Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, Mount Mercy University, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, United States of America
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Jordi Roig Buxó
24Arrago Ltd., Barcelona, Spain
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Andrés Martínez
25Museo Arquelógico de Lorca, Lorca, Spain
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Juana Ponce Martínez
25Museo Arquelógico de Lorca, Lorca, Spain
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Mark Hunt Ortiz
26Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Juan Carlos Mejías-García
26Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Juan Carlos Pecero Espín
26Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Rosario Cruz-Auñón Briones
26Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Tiago Tomé
27Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus Universitário do Guamá, Belém, Brazil
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Eduardo Carmona Ballestero
28Servicio Territorial de Cultura de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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João Luís Cardoso
29Departamento de Ciencias Sociais e de Gestao, Universidade Aberta, Lisboa, Portugal
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Ana Cristina Araújo
31Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Corina Liesau von Lettow-Vorbeck
32Arqueología Estudios, Murcia, Spain
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Concepción Blasco Bosqued
32Arqueología Estudios, Murcia, Spain
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Patricia Ríos Mendoza
31Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Ana Pujante
32Arqueología Estudios, Murcia, Spain
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José I. Royo-Guillén
33Technical archaeologist, Gobierno de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
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Marco Aurelio Esquembre Beviá
34Arpa Patrimonio Ltd., Alicante, Spain
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Victor Manuel Dos Santos Goncalves
35Centro de Arqueologia da Universidade de Lisboa (Uniarq), Lisboa, Portugal
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Rui Parreira
35Centro de Arqueologia da Universidade de Lisboa (Uniarq), Lisboa, Portugal
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Elena Morán Hernández
35Centro de Arqueologia da Universidade de Lisboa (Uniarq), Lisboa, Portugal
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Elena Méndez Izquierdo
36Grupo de Investigación HUM-949 TELLUS, Prehistoria y Arqueología en el Sur de Iberia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Jorge Vega de Miguel
37ARGEA Ltd., Madrid, Spain
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Roberto Menduiña García
37ARGEA Ltd., Madrid, Spain
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Victoria Martínez Calvo
38GIPSIA Ltd., Toledo, Spain
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Oscar López Jiménez
38GIPSIA Ltd., Toledo, Spain
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Johannes Krause
3Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
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Sandra L. Pichler
14Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Rafael Garrido-Pena
32Arqueología Estudios, Murcia, Spain
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Michael Kunst
39German Archaeological Institute Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Roberto Risch
4Departamento de Prehistoria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Manuel A. Rojo-Guerra
40Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Wolfgang Haak
3Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
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Kurt W. Alt
41Center for Natural and Cultural History of Man, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria
42Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Environmental Science, Basel University, Basel, Switzerland
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  • For correspondence: szecsenyi-nagy.anna@btk.mta.hu kurt.alt@unibas.ch
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Abstract

Agriculture first reached the Iberian Peninsula around 5700 BCE. However, little is known about the genetic structure and changes of prehistoric populations in different geographic areas of Iberia. In our study, we focused on the maternal genetic makeup of the Neolithic (~ 5500-3000 BCE), Chalcolithic (~ 3000-2200 BCE) and Early Bronze Age (~ 2200-1500 BCE). We report ancient mitochondrial DNA results of 213 individuals (151 HVS-I sequences) from the northeast, middle Ebro Valley, central, southeast and southwest regions and thus on the largest archaeogenetic dataset from the Peninsula to date. Similar to other parts of Europe, we observe a discontinuity between hunter-gatherers and the first farmers of the Neolithic, however the genetic contribution of hunter-gatherers is generally higher and varies regionally, being most pronounced in the inland middle Ebro Valley and in southwest Iberia. During the subsequent periods, we detect regional continuity of Early Neolithic lineages across Iberia, parallel to an increase of hunter-gatherer genetic ancestry. In contrast to ancient DNA findings from Central Europe, we do not observe a major turnover in the mtDNA record of the Iberian Late Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age, suggesting that the population history of the Iberian Peninsula is distinct in character.

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The maternal genetic make-up of the Iberian Peninsula between the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age
Anna Szécsényi-Nagy, Christina Roth, Guido Brandt, Cristina Rihuete-Herrada, Cristina Tejedor-Rodríguez, Petra Held, Íñigo García-Martínez-de-Lagrán, Héctor Arcusa Magallón, Stephanie Zesch, Corina Knipper, Eszter Bánffy, Susanne Friederich, Harald Meller, Primitiva Bueno Ramírez, Rosa Barroso Bermejo, Rodrigo de Balbín Behrmann, Ana M. Herrero-Corral, Raúl Flores Fernández, Carmen Alonso Fernández, Javier Jiménez Echevarria, Laura Rindlisbacher, Camila Oliart, María-Inés Fregeiro, Ignacio Soriano, Oriol Vicente, Rafael Micó, Vicente Lull, Jorge Soler Díaz, Juan Antonio López Padilla, Consuelo Roca de Togores Muñoz, Mauro S. Hernández Pérez, Francisco Javier Jover Maestre, Joaquín Lomba Maurandi, Azucena Avilés Fernández, Katina T. Lillios, Ana Maria Silva, Miguel Magalhães Ramalho, Luiz Miguel Oosterbeek, Claudia Cunha, Anna J. Waterman, Jordi Roig Buxó, Andrés Martínez, Juana Ponce Martínez, Mark Hunt Ortiz, Juan Carlos Mejías-García, Juan Carlos Pecero Espín, Rosario Cruz-Auñón Briones, Tiago Tomé, Eduardo Carmona Ballestero, João Luís Cardoso, Ana Cristina Araújo, Corina Liesau von Lettow-Vorbeck, Concepción Blasco Bosqued, Patricia Ríos Mendoza, Ana Pujante, José I. Royo-Guillén, Marco Aurelio Esquembre Beviá, Victor Manuel Dos Santos Goncalves, Rui Parreira, Elena Morán Hernández, Elena Méndez Izquierdo, Jorge Vega de Miguel, Roberto Menduiña García, Victoria Martínez Calvo, Oscar López Jiménez, Johannes Krause, Sandra L. Pichler, Rafael Garrido-Pena, Michael Kunst, Roberto Risch, Manuel A. Rojo-Guerra, Wolfgang Haak, Kurt W. Alt
bioRxiv 106963; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/106963
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The maternal genetic make-up of the Iberian Peninsula between the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age
Anna Szécsényi-Nagy, Christina Roth, Guido Brandt, Cristina Rihuete-Herrada, Cristina Tejedor-Rodríguez, Petra Held, Íñigo García-Martínez-de-Lagrán, Héctor Arcusa Magallón, Stephanie Zesch, Corina Knipper, Eszter Bánffy, Susanne Friederich, Harald Meller, Primitiva Bueno Ramírez, Rosa Barroso Bermejo, Rodrigo de Balbín Behrmann, Ana M. Herrero-Corral, Raúl Flores Fernández, Carmen Alonso Fernández, Javier Jiménez Echevarria, Laura Rindlisbacher, Camila Oliart, María-Inés Fregeiro, Ignacio Soriano, Oriol Vicente, Rafael Micó, Vicente Lull, Jorge Soler Díaz, Juan Antonio López Padilla, Consuelo Roca de Togores Muñoz, Mauro S. Hernández Pérez, Francisco Javier Jover Maestre, Joaquín Lomba Maurandi, Azucena Avilés Fernández, Katina T. Lillios, Ana Maria Silva, Miguel Magalhães Ramalho, Luiz Miguel Oosterbeek, Claudia Cunha, Anna J. Waterman, Jordi Roig Buxó, Andrés Martínez, Juana Ponce Martínez, Mark Hunt Ortiz, Juan Carlos Mejías-García, Juan Carlos Pecero Espín, Rosario Cruz-Auñón Briones, Tiago Tomé, Eduardo Carmona Ballestero, João Luís Cardoso, Ana Cristina Araújo, Corina Liesau von Lettow-Vorbeck, Concepción Blasco Bosqued, Patricia Ríos Mendoza, Ana Pujante, José I. Royo-Guillén, Marco Aurelio Esquembre Beviá, Victor Manuel Dos Santos Goncalves, Rui Parreira, Elena Morán Hernández, Elena Méndez Izquierdo, Jorge Vega de Miguel, Roberto Menduiña García, Victoria Martínez Calvo, Oscar López Jiménez, Johannes Krause, Sandra L. Pichler, Rafael Garrido-Pena, Michael Kunst, Roberto Risch, Manuel A. Rojo-Guerra, Wolfgang Haak, Kurt W. Alt
bioRxiv 106963; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/106963

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