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A Supernova at 50 PC: Effects on the Earth’s Atmosphere and Biota

View ORCID ProfileA.L Melott, B. C. Thomas, M. Kachelrieß, D.V. Semikoz, A. C. Overholt
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/108936
A.L Melott
1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045 USA;
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  • For correspondence: melott@ku.edu
B. C. Thomas
2Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washburn University, Topeka, Kansas 66621 USA
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M. Kachelrieß
3Institutt for fysikk, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
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D.V. Semikoz
4APC, Universite Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/IRFU, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, 119 75205 Paris, France
5National Research Nuclear University “MEPHI” (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe highway 31, M4, 115409, Russia
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A. C. Overholt
6Department of Science and Mathematics, MidAmerica Nazarene University, Olathe, Kansas, 66062 USA
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ABSTRACT

Recent 60Fe results have suggested that the estimated distances of supernovae in the last few million years should be reduced from ~100 pc to ~50 pc. Two events or series of events are suggested, one about 2.7 million years to 1.7 million years ago, and another may at 6.5 to 8.7 million years ago. We ask what effects such supernovae are expected to have on the terrestrial atmosphere and biota. Assuming that the Local Bubble was formed before the event being considered, and that the supernova and the Earth were both inside a weak, disordered magnetic field at that time, TeV-PeV cosmic rays at Earth will increase by a factor of a few hundred. Tropospheric ionization will increase proportionately, and the overall muon radiation load on terrestrial organisms will increase by a factor of ~150. All return to pre-burst levels within 10kyr. In the case of an ordered magnetic field, effects depend strongly on the field orientation. The upper bound in this case is with a largely coherent field aligned along the line of sight to the supernova, in which case TeV-PeV cosmic ray flux increases are ~104; in the case of a transverse field they are below current levels. We suggest a substantial increase in the extended effects of supernovae on Earth and in the “lethal distance” estimate; more work is needed. This paper is an explicit followup to Thomas et al. (2016). We also here provide more detail on the computational procedures used in both works.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted February 15, 2017.
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A Supernova at 50 PC: Effects on the Earth’s Atmosphere and Biota
A.L Melott, B. C. Thomas, M. Kachelrieß, D.V. Semikoz, A. C. Overholt
bioRxiv 108936; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/108936
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A Supernova at 50 PC: Effects on the Earth’s Atmosphere and Biota
A.L Melott, B. C. Thomas, M. Kachelrieß, D.V. Semikoz, A. C. Overholt
bioRxiv 108936; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/108936

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