Skip to main content
bioRxiv
  • Home
  • About
  • Submit
  • ALERTS / RSS
Advanced Search
New Results

Systematic Identification of Correlates of HIV-1 Infection: An X-Wide Association Study in Zambia

Chirag J. Patel, Jay Bhattacharya, John P.A. Ioannidis, Eran Bendavid
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/126052
Chirag J. Patel
1Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Jay Bhattacharya
2Center for Health Policy and the Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
3National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
John P.A. Ioannidis
4Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Department of Health Research and Policy, Department of Biomedical Data Science, and Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Eran Bendavid
2Center for Health Policy and the Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
5Division of General Medical Disciplines, Stanford University Stanford, CA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Abstract
  • Full Text
  • Info/History
  • Metrics
  • Supplementary material
  • Preview PDF
Loading

Abstract

Background HIV-1 remains the leading cause of death among adults in Sub-Saharan Africa, and over 1 million people are infected annually. Better identification of at-risk groups could benefit prevention and treatment programmes. We systematically identified factors related to HIV-1 infection in two nationally representative cohorts of women that participated in Zambia’s Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS).

Methods We conducted a comprehensive analysis to identify and replicate the association of 1,415 social, economic, environmental, and behavioral indicators with HIV-1 status. We used the 2007 and 2013-2014 DHS surveys conducted among 5,715 and 15,433 Zambian women, respectively (727 indicators in 2007; 688 in 2013-2014; 688 in both). We used false discovery rate criteria to identify indicators that are strongly associated with HIV-1 in univariate and multivariate models in the entire population, as well as in subgroups stratified by wealth, residence, age, and history of HIV-1 testing.

Findings In the univariate analysis we identified 102 and 182 variables that are associated with HIV-1 in the 2007 and 2013-2014 surveys, respectively, among which 79 were associated in both. Variables that were associated with HIV-1 status in all full-sample models (unadjusted and adjusted) as well as in at least 17 out of 18 subgroups include being formerly in a union (adjusted OR 2007 2.8, p<10−16; 2013-2014 2.8, p<10−29), widowhood (adjusted OR 2007 3.7, p<10−12; 2013-2014 4.2, p<10−30), history of genital ulcers in the last 12 months (adjusted 2007 OR 2.4, p<10−5; 2013-2014 2.2, p<10−6), and having a woman for the head of the household (2007 OR 1.7, p<10−7; 2013-2014 OR 2.1, p<10−26), while owning a bicycle (adjusted 2007 OR 0.6, p<10−6; 2013-2014 0.6, p<10−8) and currently breastfeeding (adjusted 2007 OR 0.5, p<10−9; 2013-2014 0.4, p<10−26) were associated with decreased risk. Using the identified variables, area under the curve for HIV-1 positivity ranged from 0.76 to 0.82.

Interpretation Our X-wide association study in Zambian women identifies multiple under-recognized factors correlated with HIV-1 infection in 2007 and 2013-2014, including widowhood, breastfeeding, and being the head of the household. These variables could be used to improve HIV-1 testing and identification programs.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-ND 4.0 International license.
Back to top
PreviousNext
Posted April 10, 2017.
Download PDF

Supplementary Material

Email

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about bioRxiv.

NOTE: Your email address is requested solely to identify you as the sender of this article.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Systematic Identification of Correlates of HIV-1 Infection: An X-Wide Association Study in Zambia
(Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from bioRxiv
(Your Name) thought you would like to see this page from the bioRxiv website.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Share
Systematic Identification of Correlates of HIV-1 Infection: An X-Wide Association Study in Zambia
Chirag J. Patel, Jay Bhattacharya, John P.A. Ioannidis, Eran Bendavid
bioRxiv 126052; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/126052
Reddit logo Twitter logo Facebook logo LinkedIn logo Mendeley logo
Citation Tools
Systematic Identification of Correlates of HIV-1 Infection: An X-Wide Association Study in Zambia
Chirag J. Patel, Jay Bhattacharya, John P.A. Ioannidis, Eran Bendavid
bioRxiv 126052; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/126052

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One

Subject Area

  • Epidemiology
Subject Areas
All Articles
  • Animal Behavior and Cognition (4685)
  • Biochemistry (10362)
  • Bioengineering (7683)
  • Bioinformatics (26343)
  • Biophysics (13534)
  • Cancer Biology (10694)
  • Cell Biology (15446)
  • Clinical Trials (138)
  • Developmental Biology (8501)
  • Ecology (12824)
  • Epidemiology (2067)
  • Evolutionary Biology (16868)
  • Genetics (11402)
  • Genomics (15484)
  • Immunology (10622)
  • Microbiology (25226)
  • Molecular Biology (10225)
  • Neuroscience (54483)
  • Paleontology (402)
  • Pathology (1669)
  • Pharmacology and Toxicology (2897)
  • Physiology (4345)
  • Plant Biology (9254)
  • Scientific Communication and Education (1587)
  • Synthetic Biology (2558)
  • Systems Biology (6781)
  • Zoology (1466)