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Temporal changes in the nasal microbiota and host antimicrobial responses to intranasal mupirocin decolonisation: Observations in healthy staphylococcal carriers

Su-Hsun Liu, Yi-Ching Tang, Yi-Hsiung Lin, Kuan-Fu Chen, Chih-Jung Chen, Yhu-Chering Huang, Leslie Y. Chen
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/126375
Su-Hsun Liu
aCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan 333
bDepartment of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan 333
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Yi-Ching Tang
cDepartment of Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan 333
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Yi-Hsiung Lin
aCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan 333
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Kuan-Fu Chen
dClinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan 333
eDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City, Taiwan 204
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Chih-Jung Chen
fDepartment of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan 333
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Yhu-Chering Huang
fDepartment of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan 333
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Leslie Y. Chen
cDepartment of Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan 333
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  • For correspondence: chenyyl@gmail.com
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SUMMARY

Background How intranasal mupirocin decolonisation affects the human nasal microbiota remains unknown. To characterize the temporal dynamics of the nasal microbial community in healthy staphylococcal carriers in response to intranasal mupirocin decolonisation, we serially sampled the anterior nares of four healthy carriers to determine the nasal microbial profile via sequencing of bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA.

Results Before decolonisation, the nasal microbiota differed by the initial, culture-based staphylococcal carriage status, with Firmicutes (54.1%) and Proteobacteria (75.8%) dominating the microbial community in the carriers and the noncarrier, separately. The nasal microbiota lost its diversity immediately after decolonisation (Shannon diversity: 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-1.54) as compared to before decolonisation (1.78, 95%CI: 0.58-1.93). The initial staphylococcal carriage status, expression levels of human neutrophil peptide 1, and sampling times were major contributors to the between-community dissimilarities (P for marginal permutation test: .014) though of borderline significance when considering data correlation (P for blocked permutation test: .047) in both nonmetric multidimensional scaling and constrained correspondence analysis. Results of univariable and multivariable differential abundance analysis further showed that, in addition to Staphylococci, multiple genera of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were differentially enriched or depleted by mupirocin use.

Conclusions Mupirocin could affect both Gram-positive and Gram-negative commensals along with altered host antimicrobial responses. How the nasal microbiome recovered after short-term antibiotic perturbation depended on the initial staphylococcal carriage status. The potential risks associated with loss of colonisation resistance need to be considered in high-risk populations receiving targeted decolonisation.

Footnotes

  • shliu41{at}cgmh.org.tw, jinartphoto{at}gmail.com, sammy086302{at}hotmail.com, kfchen{at}chmg.org.tw, james.ped{at}gmail.com, ychuang{at}cgmh.org.tw, lchen{at}cgmh.org.tw

  • List of abbreviations

    AMP
    antimicrobial peptide
    CCA
    constrained correspondence analysis
    DShannon
    Shannon diversity index
    DSimpson
    Simpson diversity index
    EShannon
    Shannon evenness index
    ESimpson
    Simpson evenness index
    GAPDH
    glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
    HBD3
    human beta-defensin 3
    HNP1
    human neutrophil peptide 1
    IQR
    interquartile range
    MRSA
    methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    NA
    unclassified
    NMDS
    nonmetric multidimensional scaling
    OTU
    operational taxonomy unit
    RNase7
    ribonuclease 7
    RT-qPCR
    reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction
    SE
    standard error
    SSI
    surgical site infection
    WK
    week
  • Copyright 
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    Posted June 04, 2017.
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    Temporal changes in the nasal microbiota and host antimicrobial responses to intranasal mupirocin decolonisation: Observations in healthy staphylococcal carriers
    Su-Hsun Liu, Yi-Ching Tang, Yi-Hsiung Lin, Kuan-Fu Chen, Chih-Jung Chen, Yhu-Chering Huang, Leslie Y. Chen
    bioRxiv 126375; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/126375
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    Temporal changes in the nasal microbiota and host antimicrobial responses to intranasal mupirocin decolonisation: Observations in healthy staphylococcal carriers
    Su-Hsun Liu, Yi-Ching Tang, Yi-Hsiung Lin, Kuan-Fu Chen, Chih-Jung Chen, Yhu-Chering Huang, Leslie Y. Chen
    bioRxiv 126375; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/126375

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