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Plant cell wall integrity maintenance and pattern-triggered immunity modulate jointly plant stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana

Timo Engelsdorf, Nora Gigli-Bisceglia, Manikandan Veerabagu, Joseph F. McKenna, Frauke Augstein, Dieuwertje van der Does, Cyril Zipfel, Thorsten Hamann
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/130013
Timo Engelsdorf
1Department of Biology, Høgskoleringen 5, Realfagbygget, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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Nora Gigli-Bisceglia
1Department of Biology, Høgskoleringen 5, Realfagbygget, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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Manikandan Veerabagu
1Department of Biology, Høgskoleringen 5, Realfagbygget, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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Joseph F. McKenna
2Department of Biology, S209A Sinclair, Gypsy Lane, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK.
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Frauke Augstein
1Department of Biology, Høgskoleringen 5, Realfagbygget, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
3Present address: Institute for Organismal Biology, Physiological Botany, Uppsala University, Almas Allé 5, 75651 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Dieuwertje van der Does
4The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
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Cyril Zipfel
4The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
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Thorsten Hamann
1Department of Biology, Høgskoleringen 5, Realfagbygget, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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Abstract

Plant cells are surrounded by walls, which must often meet opposing functional requirements during plant growth and defense. The cells meet them by modifying wall structure and composition in a tightly controlled and adaptive manner. The modifications seem to be mediated by a dedicated cell wall integrity (CWI) maintenance mechanism. Currently the mode of action of the mechanism is not understood and it is unclear how its activity is coordinated with established plant defense signaling. We investigated responses to induced cell wall damage (CWD) impairing CWI and the underlying mechanism in Arabidopsis thaliana. Interestingly inhibitor- and enzyme-derived CWD induced similar, turgor-sensitive stress responses. Genetic analysis showed that the receptor-like kinase (RLK) FEI2 and the mechano-sensitive, plasma membrane-localized Ca2+- channel MCA1 function downstream of the THE1 RLK in CWD perception. Phenotypic clustering with 27 genotypes identified a core group of RLKs and ion channels, required for activation of CWD responses. By contrast, the responses were repressed by pattern-triggered immune (PTI) signaling components including PEPR1 and 2, the receptors for the immune signaling peptide AtPep1. Interestingly AtPep1 application repressed CWD-induced phytohormone accumulation in a PEPR1/2-dependent manner. These results suggest that PTI suppresses CWD-induced defense responses through elicitor peptide-mediated signaling during defense response activation. If PTI is impaired, the suppression of CWD-induced responses is alleviated, thus compensating for defective PTI.

Significance statement Stress resistance and plant growth determine food crop yield and efficiency of bioenergy production from ligno-cellulosic biomass. Plant cell walls are essential elements of the biological processes, therefore functional integrity of the cell walls must be maintained throughout. Here we investigate the plant cell wall integrity maintenance mechanism. We characterize its mode of action, identify essential signaling components and show that the AtPep1 signaling peptide apparently coordinates pattern triggered immunity (PTI) and cell wall integrity maintenance in plants. These results suggest how PTI and cell wall modification coordinately regulate biotic stress responses with plants possibly compensating for PTI impairment through enhanced activation of stress responses regulated by the CWI maintenance mechanism.

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Posted June 26, 2017.
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Plant cell wall integrity maintenance and pattern-triggered immunity modulate jointly plant stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana
Timo Engelsdorf, Nora Gigli-Bisceglia, Manikandan Veerabagu, Joseph F. McKenna, Frauke Augstein, Dieuwertje van der Does, Cyril Zipfel, Thorsten Hamann
bioRxiv 130013; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/130013
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Plant cell wall integrity maintenance and pattern-triggered immunity modulate jointly plant stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana
Timo Engelsdorf, Nora Gigli-Bisceglia, Manikandan Veerabagu, Joseph F. McKenna, Frauke Augstein, Dieuwertje van der Does, Cyril Zipfel, Thorsten Hamann
bioRxiv 130013; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/130013

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