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DNA damage checkpoint dynamics drive cell cycle phase transitions

Hui Xiao Chao, Cere E. Poovey, Ashley A. Privette, Gavin D. Grant, Hui Yan Chao, Jeanette G. Cook, Jeremy E. Purvis
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/137307
Hui Xiao Chao
1Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 120 Mason Farm Road Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264
2Curriculum for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 120 Mason Farm Road Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264
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Cere E. Poovey
1Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 120 Mason Farm Road Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264
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Ashley A. Privette
1Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 120 Mason Farm Road Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264
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Gavin D. Grant
3Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 120 Mason Farm Road Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264
4Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 120 Mason Farm Road Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264
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Hui Yan Chao
1Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 120 Mason Farm Road Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264
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Jeanette G. Cook
3Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 120 Mason Farm Road Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264
4Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 120 Mason Farm Road Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264
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Jeremy E. Purvis
1Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 120 Mason Farm Road Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264
2Curriculum for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 120 Mason Farm Road Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264
4Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 120 Mason Farm Road Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264
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  • For correspondence: jeremy_purvis@med.unc.edu
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ABSTRACT

DNA damage checkpoints are cellular mechanisms that protect the integrity of the genome during cell cycle progression. In response to genotoxic stress, these checkpoints halt cell cycle progression until the damage is repaired, allowing cells enough time to recover from damage before resuming normal proliferation. Here, we investigate the temporal dynamics of DNA damage checkpoints in individual proliferating cells by observing cell cycle phase transitions following acute DNA damage. We find that in gap phases (G1 and G2), DNA damage triggers an abrupt halt to cell cycle progression in which the duration of arrest correlates with the severity of damage. However, cells that have already progressed beyond a proposed “commitment point” within a given cell cycle phase readily transition to the next phase, revealing a relaxation of checkpoint stringency during later stages of certain cell cycle phases. In contrast to G1 and G2, cell cycle progression in S phase is significantly less sensitive to DNA damage. Instead of exhibiting a complete halt, we find that increasing DNA damage doses leads to decreased rates of S-phase progression followed by arrest in the subsequent G2. Moreover, these phase-specific differences in DNA damage checkpoint dynamics are associated with corresponding differences in the proportions of irreversibly arrested cells. Thus, the precise timing of DNA damage determines the sensitivity, rate of cell cycle progression, and functional outcomes for damaged cells. These findings should inform our understanding of cell fate decisions after treatment with common cancer therapeutics such as genotoxins or spindle poisons, which often target cells in a specific cell cycle phase.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY 4.0 International license.
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Posted August 04, 2017.
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DNA damage checkpoint dynamics drive cell cycle phase transitions
Hui Xiao Chao, Cere E. Poovey, Ashley A. Privette, Gavin D. Grant, Hui Yan Chao, Jeanette G. Cook, Jeremy E. Purvis
bioRxiv 137307; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/137307
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DNA damage checkpoint dynamics drive cell cycle phase transitions
Hui Xiao Chao, Cere E. Poovey, Ashley A. Privette, Gavin D. Grant, Hui Yan Chao, Jeanette G. Cook, Jeremy E. Purvis
bioRxiv 137307; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/137307

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