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Low Rate of Somatic Mutations in a Long-Lived Oak Tree

Namrata Sarkar, Emanuel Schmid-Siegert, Christian Iseli, Sandra Calderon, Caroline Gouhier-Darimont, Jacqueline Chrast, Pietro Cattaneo, Frédéric Schütz, Laurent Farinelli, Marco Pagni, Michel Schneider, Jérémie Voumard, Michel Jaboyedoff, Christian Fankhauser, Christian S. Hardtke, Laurent Keller, John R. Pannell, View ORCID ProfileAlexandre Reymond, Marc Robinson-Rechavi, Ioannis Xenarios, Philippe Reymond
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/149203
Namrata Sarkar
1Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
2Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
3Evolutionary Bioinformatics Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Emanuel Schmid-Siegert
4Vital-IT Competence Center, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Christian Iseli
4Vital-IT Competence Center, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Sandra Calderon
4Vital-IT Competence Center, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Caroline Gouhier-Darimont
5Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Jacqueline Chrast
1Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Pietro Cattaneo
5Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Frédéric Schütz
1Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Laurent Farinelli
6Fasteris SA, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
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Marco Pagni
4Vital-IT Competence Center, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Michel Schneider
7Swiss-Prot group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Jérémie Voumard
8Risk Analysis Group, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Michel Jaboyedoff
8Risk Analysis Group, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Christian Fankhauser
1Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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  • For correspondence: christian.fankhauser@unil.ch christian.hardtke@unil.ch laurent.keller@unil.ch john.pannell@unil.ch alexandre.reymond@unil.ch marc.robinson-rechavi@unil.ch ioannis.xenarios@unil.ch philippe.reymond@unil.ch
Christian S. Hardtke
5Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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  • For correspondence: christian.fankhauser@unil.ch christian.hardtke@unil.ch laurent.keller@unil.ch john.pannell@unil.ch alexandre.reymond@unil.ch marc.robinson-rechavi@unil.ch ioannis.xenarios@unil.ch philippe.reymond@unil.ch
Laurent Keller
2Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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  • For correspondence: christian.fankhauser@unil.ch christian.hardtke@unil.ch laurent.keller@unil.ch john.pannell@unil.ch alexandre.reymond@unil.ch marc.robinson-rechavi@unil.ch ioannis.xenarios@unil.ch philippe.reymond@unil.ch
John R. Pannell
2Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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  • For correspondence: christian.fankhauser@unil.ch christian.hardtke@unil.ch laurent.keller@unil.ch john.pannell@unil.ch alexandre.reymond@unil.ch marc.robinson-rechavi@unil.ch ioannis.xenarios@unil.ch philippe.reymond@unil.ch
Alexandre Reymond
1Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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  • ORCID record for Alexandre Reymond
  • For correspondence: christian.fankhauser@unil.ch christian.hardtke@unil.ch laurent.keller@unil.ch john.pannell@unil.ch alexandre.reymond@unil.ch marc.robinson-rechavi@unil.ch ioannis.xenarios@unil.ch philippe.reymond@unil.ch
Marc Robinson-Rechavi
2Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
3Evolutionary Bioinformatics Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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  • For correspondence: christian.fankhauser@unil.ch christian.hardtke@unil.ch laurent.keller@unil.ch john.pannell@unil.ch alexandre.reymond@unil.ch marc.robinson-rechavi@unil.ch ioannis.xenarios@unil.ch philippe.reymond@unil.ch
Ioannis Xenarios
1Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
4Vital-IT Competence Center, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
7Swiss-Prot group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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  • For correspondence: christian.fankhauser@unil.ch christian.hardtke@unil.ch laurent.keller@unil.ch john.pannell@unil.ch alexandre.reymond@unil.ch marc.robinson-rechavi@unil.ch ioannis.xenarios@unil.ch philippe.reymond@unil.ch
Philippe Reymond
5Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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  • For correspondence: christian.fankhauser@unil.ch christian.hardtke@unil.ch laurent.keller@unil.ch john.pannell@unil.ch alexandre.reymond@unil.ch marc.robinson-rechavi@unil.ch ioannis.xenarios@unil.ch philippe.reymond@unil.ch
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SUMMARY

Because plants do not possess a proper germline, deleterious mutations that occur in the soma can be passed to gametes. It has generally been assumed that the large number of somatic cell divisions separating zygote from gamete formation in long-lived plants should lead to many mutations. However, a recent study showed that surprisingly few cell divisions separate apical stem cells from axillary stem cells in annual plants, challenging this view. To test this prediction, we generated and analysed the full genome sequence of two terminal branches of a 234-year-old oak tree and found very few fixed somatic single-nucleotide variants (SNVs), whose sequential appearance in the tree could reliably be traced back along nested sectors of younger branches. Our data indicate that the stem cells of shoot meristems in trees are robustly protected from accumulation of mutations, analogous to the germline in animals.

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Posted June 13, 2017.
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Low Rate of Somatic Mutations in a Long-Lived Oak Tree
Namrata Sarkar, Emanuel Schmid-Siegert, Christian Iseli, Sandra Calderon, Caroline Gouhier-Darimont, Jacqueline Chrast, Pietro Cattaneo, Frédéric Schütz, Laurent Farinelli, Marco Pagni, Michel Schneider, Jérémie Voumard, Michel Jaboyedoff, Christian Fankhauser, Christian S. Hardtke, Laurent Keller, John R. Pannell, Alexandre Reymond, Marc Robinson-Rechavi, Ioannis Xenarios, Philippe Reymond
bioRxiv 149203; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/149203
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Low Rate of Somatic Mutations in a Long-Lived Oak Tree
Namrata Sarkar, Emanuel Schmid-Siegert, Christian Iseli, Sandra Calderon, Caroline Gouhier-Darimont, Jacqueline Chrast, Pietro Cattaneo, Frédéric Schütz, Laurent Farinelli, Marco Pagni, Michel Schneider, Jérémie Voumard, Michel Jaboyedoff, Christian Fankhauser, Christian S. Hardtke, Laurent Keller, John R. Pannell, Alexandre Reymond, Marc Robinson-Rechavi, Ioannis Xenarios, Philippe Reymond
bioRxiv 149203; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/149203

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