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De Novo Genes are “Frozen Accidents” which Escaped Rapid Turnover of Pervasively Transcribed ORFs

Jonathan Schmitz, Kristian Ullrich, View ORCID ProfileErich Bornberg-Bauer
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/166827
Jonathan Schmitz
1Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Kristian Ullrich
2Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
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Erich Bornberg-Bauer
1Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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  • ORCID record for Erich Bornberg-Bauer
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Abstract

A recent surge of studies suggested that many novel genes arise de novo from previously non-coding DNA and not by duplication. However, since most studies concentrated on longer evolutionary time scales and rarely considered protein structural properties, it remains unclear how these properties are shaped by evolution, depend on genetic mechanisms and influence gene survival. Here we compare open reading frames (ORFs) from high coverage transcriptomes from mouse and another four mammals covering 160 million years of evolution. We find that novel ORFs pervasively emerge from intergenic and intronic regions but are rapidly lost again while relatively fewer arise from duplications but are retained over much longer times. Surprisingly, disorder and other protein properties of young ORFs do not change with gene age. Only length and nucleotide composition change, probably to avoid aggregation. Thus de novo genes resemble frozen accidents of randomly emerged ORFs which survived initial purging, likely because they are functional.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.
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Posted July 21, 2017.
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De Novo Genes are “Frozen Accidents” which Escaped Rapid Turnover of Pervasively Transcribed ORFs
Jonathan Schmitz, Kristian Ullrich, Erich Bornberg-Bauer
bioRxiv 166827; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/166827
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De Novo Genes are “Frozen Accidents” which Escaped Rapid Turnover of Pervasively Transcribed ORFs
Jonathan Schmitz, Kristian Ullrich, Erich Bornberg-Bauer
bioRxiv 166827; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/166827

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