New Results
Ninety-nine independent genetic loci influencing general cognitive function include genes associated with brain health and structure (N = 280,360)
Gail Davies, Max Lam, Sarah E Harris, Joey W Trampush, Michelle Luciano, W David Hill, Saskia P Hagenaars, Stuart J Ritchie, Riccardo E Marioni, Chloe Fawns-Ritchie, David CM Liewald, Judith A Okely, Ari V Ahola-Olli, Catriona LK Barnes, Lars Bertram, Joshua C Bis, Katherine E Burdick, Andrea Christoforou, Pamela DeRosse, Srdjan Djurovic, Thomas Espeseth, Stella Giakoumaki, Sudheer Giddaluru, Daniel E Gustavson, Caroline Hayward, Edith Hofer, M Arfan Ikram, Robert Karlsson, Emma Knowles, Jari Lahti, Markus Leber, Shuo Li, Karen A Mather, Ingrid Melle, Derek Morris, Christopher Oldmeadow, Teemu Palviainen, Antony Payton, Raha Pazoki, Katja Petrovic, Chandra A Reynolds, Muralidharan Sargurupremraj, Markus Scholz, Jennifer A Smith, Albert V Smith, Natalie Terzikhan, Anbu Thalamuthu, Stella Trompet, Sven J van der Lee, Erin B Ware, Beverly G Windham, Margaret J Wright, Jingyun Yang, Jin Yu, David Ames, Najaf Amin, Philippe Amouyel, Ole A Andreassen, Nicola Armstrong, John R Attia, Deborah Attix, Dimitrios Avramopoulos, David A Bennett, Anne C Böhmer, Patricia A Boyle, Henry Brodaty, Harry Campbell, Tyrone D Cannon, Elizabeth T Cirulli, Eliza Congdon, Emily Drabant Conley, Janie Corley, Simon R Cox, Anders M Dale, Abbas Dehghan, Danielle Dick, Dwight Dickinson, Johan G Eriksson, Evangelos Evangelou, Jessica D Faul, Ian Ford, Nelson A Freimer, He Gao, Ina Giegling, Nathan A Gillespie, Scott D Gordon, Rebecca F Gottesman, Michael E Griswold, Vilmundur Gudnason, Tamara B Harris, Alex Hatzimanolis, Gerardo Heiss, Elizabeth G Holliday, Peter K Joshi, Mika Kähönen, Sharon LR Kardia, Ida Karlsson, Luca Kleineidam, David S Knopman, Nicole Kochan, Bettina Konte, John B Kwok, Stephanie Le Hellard, Teresa Lee, Terho Lehtimäki, Shu-Chen Li, Tian Liu, Marisa Koini, Edythe London, Will T Longstreth Jr, Oscar L Lopez, Anu Loukola, Tobias Luck, Astri J Lundervold, Anders Lundquist, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Nicholas G Martin, Grant W Montgomery, Alison D Murray, Anna C Need, Raymond Noordam, Lars Nyberg, William Ollier, Goran Papenberg, Alison Pattie, Ozren Polasek, Russell A Poldrack, Bruce M Psaty, Steffi G Riedel-Heller, Richard J Rose, Jerome I Rotter, Panos Roussos, Suvi P Rovio, Yasaman Saba, Fred W Sabb, Perminder S Sachdev, Claudia Satizabal, Matthias Schmid, Rodney J Scott, Matthew A Scult, Jeannette Simino, P Eline Slagboom, Nikolaos Smyrnis, Aïcha Soumaré, Nikos C Stefanis, David J Stott, Richard E Straub, Kjetil Sundet, Adele M Taylor, Kent D Taylor, Ioanna Tzoulaki, Christophe Tzourio, André Uitterlinden, Veronique Vitart, Aristotle N Voineskos, Eero Vuoksimaa, Michael Wagner, Holger Wagner, Leonie Weinhold, K Hoyan Wen, Elisabeth Widen, Qiong Yang, Wei Zhao, Hieab HH Adams, Dan E Arking, Robert M Bilder, Panos Bitsios, Eric Boerwinkle, Ornit Chiba-Falek, Aiden Corvin, Philip L De Jager, Stéphanie Debette, Gary Donohoe, Paul Elliott, Annette L Fitzpatrick, Michael Gill, David C Glahn, Sara Hägg, Narelle K Hansell, Ahmad R Hariri, M Kamran Ikram, J. Wouter Jukema, Jaakko Kaprio, Matthew C Keller, William S Kremen, Lenore Launer, Ulman Lindenberger, Aarno Palotie, Nancy L Pedersen, Neil Pendleton, David J Porteous, Katri Räikkönen, Olli T Raitakari, Alfredo Ramirez, Ivar Reinvang, Igor Rudan, Dan Rujescu, Reinhold Schmidt, Helena Schmidt, Peter W Schofield, Peter R Schofield, John M Starr, Vidar M Steen, Julian N Trollor, Steven T Turner, Cornelia M Van Duijn, Arno Villringer, Daniel R Weinberger, David R Weir, James F Wilson, Anil Malhotra, Andrew M McIntosh, Catharine R Gale, Sudha Seshadri, Thomas Mosley, Jan Bressler, Todd Lencz, Ian J Deary
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/176511
Gail Davies
1Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Max Lam
2Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
Sarah E Harris
1Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
3Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
Joey W Trampush
4BrainWorkup, LLC, Los Angeles, CA
Michelle Luciano
1Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
W David Hill
1Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Saskia P Hagenaars
1Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
5MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
Stuart J Ritchie
1Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Riccardo E Marioni
1Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
3Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
Chloe Fawns-Ritchie
1Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
David CM Liewald
1Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Judith A Okely
1Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Ari V Ahola-Olli
6Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
7Department of Internal Medicine, Satakunta Central Hospital, Pori, Finland
Catriona LK Barnes
8Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
Lars Bertram
9Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
Joshua C Bis
10Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
Katherine E Burdick
11Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
12Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 3), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
13Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
Andrea Christoforou
14NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
15Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
Pamela DeRosse
2Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
16Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
Srdjan Djurovic
14NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
17Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, University of Bergen, Oslo, Norway
Thomas Espeseth
18Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
19Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Stella Giakoumaki
20Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Greece
Sudheer Giddaluru
14NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
15Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
Daniel E Gustavson
21Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
22Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Caroline Hayward
23Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
24Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh
Edith Hofer
25Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
26Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Austria
M Arfan Ikram
27Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
28Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
29Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Robert Karlsson
30Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Emma Knowles
31Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Jari Lahti
32Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
33Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Markus Leber
34Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Shuo Li
35Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
Karen A Mather
36Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Ingrid Melle
14NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
18Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
Derek Morris
37Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
Christopher Oldmeadow
38Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Teemu Palviainen
39Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Antony Payton
40Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, The University of Manchester
Raha Pazoki
41Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
Katja Petrovic
25Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
Chandra A Reynolds
42Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
Muralidharan Sargurupremraj
43University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR 1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
Markus Scholz
44Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig
45LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig
Jennifer A Smith
46Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
47Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104
Albert V Smith
48Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
49University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
Natalie Terzikhan
27Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
50Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
Anbu Thalamuthu
36Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Stella Trompet
51Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Sven J van der Lee
27Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Erin B Ware
47Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104
Beverly G Windham
52Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
Margaret J Wright
53Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
54Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
Jingyun Yang
55Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
56Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
Jin Yu
16Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
David Ames
57National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
58Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, St George’s Hospital, Kew, Australia
Najaf Amin
27Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Philippe Amouyel
59Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - LabEx DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France
60Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University Hospital of Lille, France
61INSERM-U1167, F-59019 Lille, France
Ole A Andreassen
18Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
62Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Nicola Armstrong
63School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
John R Attia
64Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Deborah Attix
65Department of Neurology, Bryan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, and Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
66Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Medical Psychology, and Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
Dimitrios Avramopoulos
67Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, Baltimore, USA
68Department of Psychiatry and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, Baltimore, USA
David A Bennett
55Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
56Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
Anne C Böhmer
69Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
70Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
Patricia A Boyle
55Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
71Departments of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
Henry Brodaty
36Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
72Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Harry Campbell
8Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
Tyrone D Cannon
73Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
Elizabeth T Cirulli
74Human Longevity Inc, Durham, NC, USA
Eliza Congdon
75UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Emily Drabant Conley
7623andMe, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA
Janie Corley
1Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Simon R Cox
1Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Anders M Dale
21Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
77Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
78Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
79Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Abbas Dehghan
41Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
80MRC-PHE Centre for Environment, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
Danielle Dick
81Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA, USA
Dwight Dickinson
82Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Johan G Eriksson
83National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
84Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
85Helsinki University Central Hospital, Unit of General Practice, Helsinki, Finland
86Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
Evangelos Evangelou
41Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
83National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
Jessica D Faul
47Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104
Ian Ford
88Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
Nelson A Freimer
75UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
He Gao
41Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
Ina Giegling
89Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
Nathan A Gillespie
90Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
Scott D Gordon
91QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
Rebecca F Gottesman
92Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
93Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
Michael E Griswold
94Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
Vilmundur Gudnason
48Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
49University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
Tamara B Harris
95Intramural Research Program National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Alex Hatzimanolis
96Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
97University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece
98Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodor-Theohari Cozzika Foundation, Athens, Greece
Gerardo Heiss
99Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC
Elizabeth G Holliday
64Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Peter K Joshi
8Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
Mika Kähönen
100Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere 33521, Finland
101Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland
Sharon LR Kardia
46Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
Ida Karlsson
30Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Luca Kleineidam
102Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
David S Knopman
103Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
Nicole Kochan
36Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
104Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
Bettina Konte
89Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
John B Kwok
105Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
106School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Stephanie Le Hellard
14NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
15Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
Teresa Lee
36Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
104Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
Terho Lehtimäki
107Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland
108Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland
Shu-Chen Li
109Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
110Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
Tian Liu
9Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
109Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
Marisa Koini
25Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
Edythe London
75UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Will T Longstreth Jr
111Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
112Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
Oscar L Lopez
113Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Anu Loukola
39Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Tobias Luck
114Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig
45LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig
Astri J Lundervold
116Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway
14NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Anders Lundquist
117Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Sweden
118Department of Statistics, USBE Umeå University, S-907 97 Umeå, Sweden
Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
107Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland
108Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland
Nicholas G Martin
91QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
Grant W Montgomery
91QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
119Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
Alison D Murray
120The Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
24Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh
Anna C Need
121Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
Raymond Noordam
51Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Lars Nyberg
117Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Sweden
122Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Sweden
123Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Sweden
William Ollier
124Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
Goran Papenberg
109Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
125Karolinska Institutet, Aging Research Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Alison Pattie
126Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Ozren Polasek
127Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
Russell A Poldrack
128Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
Bruce M Psaty
10Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
130Deparment of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
131Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
Steffi G Riedel-Heller
114Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig
Richard J Rose
132Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Indiana, USA
Jerome I Rotter
133Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
134Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
Panos Roussos
11Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
135Department of Genetics and Genomic Science and Institute for Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
136Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
Suvi P Rovio
6Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Yasaman Saba
137Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz
Fred W Sabb
138Robert and Beverly Lewis Center for Neuroimaging, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
Perminder S Sachdev
36Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
104Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
Claudia Satizabal
139Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine
Matthias Schmid
140Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
Rodney J Scott
64Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Matthew A Scult
141Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
Jeannette Simino
94Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
P Eline Slagboom
142Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Nikolaos Smyrnis
96Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
97University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece
Aïcha Soumaré
43University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR 1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
Nikos C Stefanis
96Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
97University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece
98Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodor-Theohari Cozzika Foundation, Athens, Greece
David J Stott
143Department of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
Richard E Straub
144Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
Kjetil Sundet
18Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
19Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Adele M Taylor
126Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Kent D Taylor
133Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
134Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
Ioanna Tzoulaki
41Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
80MRC-PHE Centre for Environment, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
145Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
Christophe Tzourio
43University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR 1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
146Department of Public Health, University Hospital of Bordeaux, France
André Uitterlinden
27Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
147Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Veronique Vitart
23Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
Aristotle N Voineskos
148Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Eero Vuoksimaa
39Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
149Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Michael Wagner
102Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
150German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
Holger Wagner
102Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
Leonie Weinhold
140Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
K Hoyan Wen
27Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Elisabeth Widen
39Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Qiong Yang
35Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
Wei Zhao
46Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
Hieab HH Adams
27Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
180Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Dan E Arking
68Department of Psychiatry and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, Baltimore, USA
Robert M Bilder
75UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Panos Bitsios
152Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
Eric Boerwinkle
153Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
154Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
Ornit Chiba-Falek
65Department of Neurology, Bryan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, and Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
Aiden Corvin
155Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Philip L De Jager
156Center for Translational and Systems Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
157Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
Stéphanie Debette
43University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR 1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
158Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, France
Gary Donohoe
159Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
Paul Elliott
41Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
80MRC-PHE Centre for Environment, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
Annette L Fitzpatrick
112Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
160Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
Michael Gill
155Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
David C Glahn
31Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Sara Hägg
30Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Narelle K Hansell
53Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
Ahmad R Hariri
141Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
M Kamran Ikram
27Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
29Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
J. Wouter Jukema
161Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Jaakko Kaprio
39Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
83National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
149Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Matthew C Keller
162Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
William S Kremen
21Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
22Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Lenore Launer
95Intramural Research Program National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Ulman Lindenberger
109Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
Aarno Palotie
39Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
163Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
164Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Nancy L Pedersen
30Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Neil Pendleton
124Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
165Manchester Medical School, Institute of Brain, Behaviour, and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
David J Porteous
1Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
3Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
24Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh
Katri Räikkönen
32Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Olli T Raitakari
6Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
166Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
Alfredo Ramirez
102Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
Ivar Reinvang
19Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Igor Rudan
8Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
Dan Rujescu
89Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
Reinhold Schmidt
25Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
Helena Schmidt
137Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz
181Department of Neurology, Medical University Graz, Austria
Peter W Schofield
167School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Peter R Schofield
168Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney Australia
169Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney Australia
John M Starr
170Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
1Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Vidar M Steen
14NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
15Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
Julian N Trollor
36Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
179Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Steven T Turner
171Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Cornelia M Van Duijn
27Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Arno Villringer
172Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig
173Day Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig
Daniel R Weinberger
144Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
David R Weir
47Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104
James F Wilson
8Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
23Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
Anil Malhotra
16Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
174Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
175Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York
Andrew M McIntosh
1Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
176Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Catharine R Gale
1Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
177MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
Sudha Seshadri
139Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine
178The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
Thomas Mosley
52Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
Jan Bressler
153Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
Todd Lencz
16Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
175Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York
Ian J Deary
1Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Abstract
General cognitive function is a prominent human trait associated with many important life outcomes1,2, including longevity3. The substantial heritability of general cognitive function is known to be polygenic, but it has had little explication in terms of the contributing genetic variants4,5,6. Here, we combined cognitive and genetic data from the CHARGE and COGENT consortia, and UK Biobank (total N=280,360). We found 9,714 genome-wide significant SNPs (P<5 × 10−8) in 99 independent loci. Most showed clear evidence of functional importance. Among many novel genes associated with general cognitive function were SGCZ, ATXN1, MAPT, AUTS2, and P2RY6. Within the novel genetic loci were variants associated with neurodegenerative disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, physical and psychiatric illnesses, brain structure, and BMI. Gene-based analyses found 536 genes significantly associated with general cognitive function; many were highly expressed in the brain, and associated with neurogenesis and dendrite gene sets. Genetic association results predicted up to 4% of general cognitive function variance in independent samples. There was significant genetic overlap between general cognitive function and information processing speed, as well as many health variables including longevity.
Copyright
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.
Posted August 17, 2017.
Ninety-nine independent genetic loci influencing general cognitive function include genes associated with brain health and structure (N = 280,360)
Gail Davies, Max Lam, Sarah E Harris, Joey W Trampush, Michelle Luciano, W David Hill, Saskia P Hagenaars, Stuart J Ritchie, Riccardo E Marioni, Chloe Fawns-Ritchie, David CM Liewald, Judith A Okely, Ari V Ahola-Olli, Catriona LK Barnes, Lars Bertram, Joshua C Bis, Katherine E Burdick, Andrea Christoforou, Pamela DeRosse, Srdjan Djurovic, Thomas Espeseth, Stella Giakoumaki, Sudheer Giddaluru, Daniel E Gustavson, Caroline Hayward, Edith Hofer, M Arfan Ikram, Robert Karlsson, Emma Knowles, Jari Lahti, Markus Leber, Shuo Li, Karen A Mather, Ingrid Melle, Derek Morris, Christopher Oldmeadow, Teemu Palviainen, Antony Payton, Raha Pazoki, Katja Petrovic, Chandra A Reynolds, Muralidharan Sargurupremraj, Markus Scholz, Jennifer A Smith, Albert V Smith, Natalie Terzikhan, Anbu Thalamuthu, Stella Trompet, Sven J van der Lee, Erin B Ware, Beverly G Windham, Margaret J Wright, Jingyun Yang, Jin Yu, David Ames, Najaf Amin, Philippe Amouyel, Ole A Andreassen, Nicola Armstrong, John R Attia, Deborah Attix, Dimitrios Avramopoulos, David A Bennett, Anne C Böhmer, Patricia A Boyle, Henry Brodaty, Harry Campbell, Tyrone D Cannon, Elizabeth T Cirulli, Eliza Congdon, Emily Drabant Conley, Janie Corley, Simon R Cox, Anders M Dale, Abbas Dehghan, Danielle Dick, Dwight Dickinson, Johan G Eriksson, Evangelos Evangelou, Jessica D Faul, Ian Ford, Nelson A Freimer, He Gao, Ina Giegling, Nathan A Gillespie, Scott D Gordon, Rebecca F Gottesman, Michael E Griswold, Vilmundur Gudnason, Tamara B Harris, Alex Hatzimanolis, Gerardo Heiss, Elizabeth G Holliday, Peter K Joshi, Mika Kähönen, Sharon LR Kardia, Ida Karlsson, Luca Kleineidam, David S Knopman, Nicole Kochan, Bettina Konte, John B Kwok, Stephanie Le Hellard, Teresa Lee, Terho Lehtimäki, Shu-Chen Li, Tian Liu, Marisa Koini, Edythe London, Will T Longstreth Jr, Oscar L Lopez, Anu Loukola, Tobias Luck, Astri J Lundervold, Anders Lundquist, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Nicholas G Martin, Grant W Montgomery, Alison D Murray, Anna C Need, Raymond Noordam, Lars Nyberg, William Ollier, Goran Papenberg, Alison Pattie, Ozren Polasek, Russell A Poldrack, Bruce M Psaty, Steffi G Riedel-Heller, Richard J Rose, Jerome I Rotter, Panos Roussos, Suvi P Rovio, Yasaman Saba, Fred W Sabb, Perminder S Sachdev, Claudia Satizabal, Matthias Schmid, Rodney J Scott, Matthew A Scult, Jeannette Simino, P Eline Slagboom, Nikolaos Smyrnis, Aïcha Soumaré, Nikos C Stefanis, David J Stott, Richard E Straub, Kjetil Sundet, Adele M Taylor, Kent D Taylor, Ioanna Tzoulaki, Christophe Tzourio, André Uitterlinden, Veronique Vitart, Aristotle N Voineskos, Eero Vuoksimaa, Michael Wagner, Holger Wagner, Leonie Weinhold, K Hoyan Wen, Elisabeth Widen, Qiong Yang, Wei Zhao, Hieab HH Adams, Dan E Arking, Robert M Bilder, Panos Bitsios, Eric Boerwinkle, Ornit Chiba-Falek, Aiden Corvin, Philip L De Jager, Stéphanie Debette, Gary Donohoe, Paul Elliott, Annette L Fitzpatrick, Michael Gill, David C Glahn, Sara Hägg, Narelle K Hansell, Ahmad R Hariri, M Kamran Ikram, J. Wouter Jukema, Jaakko Kaprio, Matthew C Keller, William S Kremen, Lenore Launer, Ulman Lindenberger, Aarno Palotie, Nancy L Pedersen, Neil Pendleton, David J Porteous, Katri Räikkönen, Olli T Raitakari, Alfredo Ramirez, Ivar Reinvang, Igor Rudan, Dan Rujescu, Reinhold Schmidt, Helena Schmidt, Peter W Schofield, Peter R Schofield, John M Starr, Vidar M Steen, Julian N Trollor, Steven T Turner, Cornelia M Van Duijn, Arno Villringer, Daniel R Weinberger, David R Weir, James F Wilson, Anil Malhotra, Andrew M McIntosh, Catharine R Gale, Sudha Seshadri, Thomas Mosley, Jan Bressler, Todd Lencz, Ian J Deary
bioRxiv 176511; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/176511
Ninety-nine independent genetic loci influencing general cognitive function include genes associated with brain health and structure (N = 280,360)
Gail Davies, Max Lam, Sarah E Harris, Joey W Trampush, Michelle Luciano, W David Hill, Saskia P Hagenaars, Stuart J Ritchie, Riccardo E Marioni, Chloe Fawns-Ritchie, David CM Liewald, Judith A Okely, Ari V Ahola-Olli, Catriona LK Barnes, Lars Bertram, Joshua C Bis, Katherine E Burdick, Andrea Christoforou, Pamela DeRosse, Srdjan Djurovic, Thomas Espeseth, Stella Giakoumaki, Sudheer Giddaluru, Daniel E Gustavson, Caroline Hayward, Edith Hofer, M Arfan Ikram, Robert Karlsson, Emma Knowles, Jari Lahti, Markus Leber, Shuo Li, Karen A Mather, Ingrid Melle, Derek Morris, Christopher Oldmeadow, Teemu Palviainen, Antony Payton, Raha Pazoki, Katja Petrovic, Chandra A Reynolds, Muralidharan Sargurupremraj, Markus Scholz, Jennifer A Smith, Albert V Smith, Natalie Terzikhan, Anbu Thalamuthu, Stella Trompet, Sven J van der Lee, Erin B Ware, Beverly G Windham, Margaret J Wright, Jingyun Yang, Jin Yu, David Ames, Najaf Amin, Philippe Amouyel, Ole A Andreassen, Nicola Armstrong, John R Attia, Deborah Attix, Dimitrios Avramopoulos, David A Bennett, Anne C Böhmer, Patricia A Boyle, Henry Brodaty, Harry Campbell, Tyrone D Cannon, Elizabeth T Cirulli, Eliza Congdon, Emily Drabant Conley, Janie Corley, Simon R Cox, Anders M Dale, Abbas Dehghan, Danielle Dick, Dwight Dickinson, Johan G Eriksson, Evangelos Evangelou, Jessica D Faul, Ian Ford, Nelson A Freimer, He Gao, Ina Giegling, Nathan A Gillespie, Scott D Gordon, Rebecca F Gottesman, Michael E Griswold, Vilmundur Gudnason, Tamara B Harris, Alex Hatzimanolis, Gerardo Heiss, Elizabeth G Holliday, Peter K Joshi, Mika Kähönen, Sharon LR Kardia, Ida Karlsson, Luca Kleineidam, David S Knopman, Nicole Kochan, Bettina Konte, John B Kwok, Stephanie Le Hellard, Teresa Lee, Terho Lehtimäki, Shu-Chen Li, Tian Liu, Marisa Koini, Edythe London, Will T Longstreth Jr, Oscar L Lopez, Anu Loukola, Tobias Luck, Astri J Lundervold, Anders Lundquist, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Nicholas G Martin, Grant W Montgomery, Alison D Murray, Anna C Need, Raymond Noordam, Lars Nyberg, William Ollier, Goran Papenberg, Alison Pattie, Ozren Polasek, Russell A Poldrack, Bruce M Psaty, Steffi G Riedel-Heller, Richard J Rose, Jerome I Rotter, Panos Roussos, Suvi P Rovio, Yasaman Saba, Fred W Sabb, Perminder S Sachdev, Claudia Satizabal, Matthias Schmid, Rodney J Scott, Matthew A Scult, Jeannette Simino, P Eline Slagboom, Nikolaos Smyrnis, Aïcha Soumaré, Nikos C Stefanis, David J Stott, Richard E Straub, Kjetil Sundet, Adele M Taylor, Kent D Taylor, Ioanna Tzoulaki, Christophe Tzourio, André Uitterlinden, Veronique Vitart, Aristotle N Voineskos, Eero Vuoksimaa, Michael Wagner, Holger Wagner, Leonie Weinhold, K Hoyan Wen, Elisabeth Widen, Qiong Yang, Wei Zhao, Hieab HH Adams, Dan E Arking, Robert M Bilder, Panos Bitsios, Eric Boerwinkle, Ornit Chiba-Falek, Aiden Corvin, Philip L De Jager, Stéphanie Debette, Gary Donohoe, Paul Elliott, Annette L Fitzpatrick, Michael Gill, David C Glahn, Sara Hägg, Narelle K Hansell, Ahmad R Hariri, M Kamran Ikram, J. Wouter Jukema, Jaakko Kaprio, Matthew C Keller, William S Kremen, Lenore Launer, Ulman Lindenberger, Aarno Palotie, Nancy L Pedersen, Neil Pendleton, David J Porteous, Katri Räikkönen, Olli T Raitakari, Alfredo Ramirez, Ivar Reinvang, Igor Rudan, Dan Rujescu, Reinhold Schmidt, Helena Schmidt, Peter W Schofield, Peter R Schofield, John M Starr, Vidar M Steen, Julian N Trollor, Steven T Turner, Cornelia M Van Duijn, Arno Villringer, Daniel R Weinberger, David R Weir, James F Wilson, Anil Malhotra, Andrew M McIntosh, Catharine R Gale, Sudha Seshadri, Thomas Mosley, Jan Bressler, Todd Lencz, Ian J Deary
bioRxiv 176511; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/176511
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