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Sociodemographic patterning in the oral microbiome of a diverse sample of New Yorkers

Audrey Renson, View ORCID ProfileHeidi E. Jones, Francesco Beghini, View ORCID ProfileNicola Segata, View ORCID ProfileChristine P. Zolnik, Mykhaylo Usyk, Thomas U. Moody, View ORCID ProfileLorna Thorpe, View ORCID ProfileRobert Burk, View ORCID ProfileLevi Waldron, View ORCID ProfileJennifer B. Dowd
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/189225
Audrey Renson
1Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, New York, NY, USA
2Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Heidi E. Jones
1Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, New York, NY, USA
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Francesco Beghini
3Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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Nicola Segata
3Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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Christine P. Zolnik
4Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
5Department of Biology, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
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Mykhaylo Usyk
4Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Thomas U. Moody
4Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
6Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Lorna Thorpe
7NYU School of Medicine, Department of Population Health, New York, NY, USA
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Robert Burk
4Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
8Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Epidemiology and Population Health, and Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Levi Waldron
1Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, New York, NY, USA
9Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, USA
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Jennifer B. Dowd
1Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, New York, NY, USA
10King’s College London, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, London, UK
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1 Abstract

Purpose Variations in the oral microbiome are potentially implicated in social inequalities in oral disease, cancers, and metabolic disease. We describe sociodemographic variation of oral microbiomes in a diverse sample.

Methods We performed 16S rRNA sequencing on mouthwash specimens in a subsample (n=282) of the 2013-14 population-based New York City Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NYC-HANES). We examined differential abundance of 216 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), and alpha and beta diversity by age, sex, income, education, nativity, and race/ethnicity. For comparison, we also examined differential abundance by diet, smoking status, and oral health behaviors.

Results 69 OTUs were differentially abundant by any sociodemographic variable (false discovery rate < 0.01), including 27 by race/ethnicity, 21 by family income, 19 by education, three by sex. We also found 49 differentially abundant by smoking status, 23 by diet, 12 by oral health behaviors. Genera differing for multiple sociodemographic characteristics included Lactobacillus, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium.

Conclusions We identified oral microbiome variation consistent with health inequalities, with more taxa differing by race/ethnicity than diet, and more by SES variables than oral health behaviors. Investigation is warranted into possible mediating effects of the oral microbiome in social disparities in oral, metabolic and cancers.

Highlights

  • Most microbiome studies to date have had minimal sociodemographic variability, limiting what is known about associations of social factors and the microbiome.

  • We examined the oral microbiome in a population-based sample of New Yorkers with wide sociodemographic variation.

  • Numerous taxa were differentially abundant by race/ethnicity, income, education, marital status, and nativity.

  • Frequently differentially abundant taxa include Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, Streptococcus, and Prevotella, which are associated with oral and systemic disease.

  • Mediation of health disparities by microbial factors may represent an important intervention site to reduce health disparities, and should be explored in prospective studies.

List of abbreviations
SES
socioeconomic status
CHD
coronary heart disease
CVD
cardiovascular disease
NYC HANES
New York City Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
OTU
operational taxonomic unit
FDR
false discovery rate
PS
prediction strength
logFC
log fold change
HMP
Human Microbiome Project

Footnotes

  • ↵† equal contribution

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted November 14, 2018.
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Sociodemographic patterning in the oral microbiome of a diverse sample of New Yorkers
Audrey Renson, Heidi E. Jones, Francesco Beghini, Nicola Segata, Christine P. Zolnik, Mykhaylo Usyk, Thomas U. Moody, Lorna Thorpe, Robert Burk, Levi Waldron, Jennifer B. Dowd
bioRxiv 189225; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/189225
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Sociodemographic patterning in the oral microbiome of a diverse sample of New Yorkers
Audrey Renson, Heidi E. Jones, Francesco Beghini, Nicola Segata, Christine P. Zolnik, Mykhaylo Usyk, Thomas U. Moody, Lorna Thorpe, Robert Burk, Levi Waldron, Jennifer B. Dowd
bioRxiv 189225; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/189225

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