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Temporal interference stimulation targets deep brain regions by modulating neural oscillations

View ORCID ProfileZeinab Esmaeilpour, View ORCID ProfileGreg Kronberg, Lucas C Parra, Marom Bikson
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2019.12.25.888412
Zeinab Esmaeilpour
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York NY USA
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  • For correspondence: znb.esmailpoor@gmail.com
Greg Kronberg
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York NY USA
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Lucas C Parra
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York NY USA
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Marom Bikson
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York NY USA
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Abstract

Temporal interference (TI) stimulation of the brain generates amplitude-modulated electric fields oscillating in the kHz range. A validated current-flow model of the human head estimates that amplitude-modulated electric fields are stronger in deep brain regions, while unmodulated electric fields are maximal at the cortical regions. The electric field threshold to modulate carbachol-induced gamma oscillations in rat hippocampal slices was determined for unmodulated 0.05-2 kHz sine waveforms, and 5 Hz amplitude-modulated waveforms with 0.1-2 kHz carrier frequencies. The neuronal effects are replicated with a computational network model to explore the underlying mechanisms. Experiment and model confirm the hypothesis that spatial selectivity of temporal interference stimulation depends on the phasic modulation of neural oscillations only in deep brain regions. This selectivity is governed by network adaption (e.g. GABAb) that is faster than the amplitude-modulation frequency. The applied current required depends on the neuronal membrane time-constant (e.g. axons) approaching the kHz carrier frequency of temporal interference stimulation.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted December 27, 2019.
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Temporal interference stimulation targets deep brain regions by modulating neural oscillations
Zeinab Esmaeilpour, Greg Kronberg, Lucas C Parra, Marom Bikson
bioRxiv 2019.12.25.888412; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2019.12.25.888412
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Temporal interference stimulation targets deep brain regions by modulating neural oscillations
Zeinab Esmaeilpour, Greg Kronberg, Lucas C Parra, Marom Bikson
bioRxiv 2019.12.25.888412; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2019.12.25.888412

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