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Mg2+ modulates the activity of hyperpolarization-activated calcium currents in plant cells

View ORCID ProfileFouad Lemtiri-Chlieh, View ORCID ProfileStefan T. Arold, View ORCID ProfileChris Gehring
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.14.906123
Fouad Lemtiri-Chlieh
1King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
2Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030
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  • For correspondence: flemtiri@gmail.com
Stefan T. Arold
1King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
3King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
4Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
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Chris Gehring
1King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
5Department of Chemistry, Biology & Biotechnology, University of Perugia, ITALY
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ABSTRACT

Hyperpolarization-activated calcium channels (HACCs) are found in the plasma membrane and tonoplast of many plant cell types where they have an important role in Ca2+-dependent signaling. The unusual gating properties of HACCs in plants, i.e., activation by membrane hyperpolarization rather than depolarization, dictates that HACCs are normally open at physiological hyperpolarized resting membrane potentials (the so called pump or P-state), thus, if not regulated, they would be continuously leaking Ca2+ into cells. In guard cells, HACCs are permeable to Ca2+, Ba2+ and Mg2+, activated by H2O2 and the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) and their activity is greatly reduced by low amounts of free cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]Cyt) and hence will close during [Ca2+]Cyt surges. Here we demonstrate that the presence of the commonly used Mg-ATP inside the cell greatly reduces HACC activity especially at voltages ≤ −200 mV and that Mg2+ causes this block. We therefore conclude, firstly, that physiological cytosolic Mg2+ levels affect HACCs gating and that channel opening requires either high negative voltages (≥ −200 mV) and/or displacement of Mg2+ away from the immediate vicinity of the channel. Secondly, based on structural comparisons with Mg2+-sensitive animal inward-rectifying K+ channel, we propose that the likely candidate HACCS described here are cyclic nucleotide gated channels (CNGCs), many of which also contain a conserved di-acidic Mg2+-binding motif within their pores. This conclusion is consistent with the electrophysiological data. Finally, we propose that Mg2+, much like in animal cells, is an important component in Ca2+ signalling and homeostasis in plants.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license.
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Posted January 14, 2020.
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Mg2+ modulates the activity of hyperpolarization-activated calcium currents in plant cells
Fouad Lemtiri-Chlieh, Stefan T. Arold, Chris Gehring
bioRxiv 2020.01.14.906123; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.14.906123
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Mg2+ modulates the activity of hyperpolarization-activated calcium currents in plant cells
Fouad Lemtiri-Chlieh, Stefan T. Arold, Chris Gehring
bioRxiv 2020.01.14.906123; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.14.906123

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