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Climate change will drive novel cross-species viral transmission

View ORCID ProfileColin J. Carlson, View ORCID ProfileGregory F. Albery, View ORCID ProfileCory Merow, View ORCID ProfileChristopher H. Trisos, View ORCID ProfileCasey M. Zipfel, View ORCID ProfileEvan A. Eskew, View ORCID ProfileKevin J. Olival, View ORCID ProfileNoam Ross, View ORCID ProfileShweta Bansal
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.24.918755
Colin J. Carlson
1Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA
2Center for Global Health Science & Security, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA
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  • For correspondence: cjc322@georgetown.edu
Gregory F. Albery
1Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA
3EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, USA
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Cory Merow
4Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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Christopher H. Trisos
5African Climate and Development Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Casey M. Zipfel
1Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA
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Evan A. Eskew
3EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, USA
6Department of Biology, Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, WA, USA
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Kevin J. Olival
3EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, USA
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Noam Ross
3EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, USA
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Shweta Bansal
1Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA
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Abstract

At least 10,000 species of mammal virus are estimated to have the potential to spread in human populations, but the vast majority are currently circulating in wildlife, largely undescribed and undetected by disease outbreak surveillance1,2,3. In addition, changing climate and land use are already driving geographic range shifts in wildlife, producing novel species assemblages and opportunities for viral sharing between previously isolated species4,5. In some cases, this will inevitably facilitate spillover into humans6,7—a possible mechanistic link between global environmental change and emerging zoonotic disease8. Here, we map potential hotspots of viral sharing, using a phylogeographic model of the mammal-virus network, and projections of geographic range shifts for 3,870 mammal species under climate change and land use scenarios for the year 2070. Range-shifting mammal species are predicted to aggregate at high elevations, in biodiversity hotspots, and in areas of high human population density in Asia and Africa, driving the cross-species transmission of novel viruses at least 4,000 times. Counter to expectations, holding warming under 2°C within the century does not reduce new viral sharing, due to greater range expansions—highlighting the need to invest in surveillance even in a low-warming future. Most projected viral sharing is driven by diverse hyperreservoirs (rodents and bats) and large-bodied predators (carnivores). Because of their unique dispersal capacity, bats account for the majority of novel viral sharing, and are likely to share viruses along evolutionary pathways that could facilitate future emergence in humans. Our findings highlight the urgent need to pair viral surveillance and discovery efforts with biodiversity surveys tracking range shifts, especially in tropical countries that harbor the most emerging zoonoses.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.
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Posted July 15, 2020.
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Climate change will drive novel cross-species viral transmission
Colin J. Carlson, Gregory F. Albery, Cory Merow, Christopher H. Trisos, Casey M. Zipfel, Evan A. Eskew, Kevin J. Olival, Noam Ross, Shweta Bansal
bioRxiv 2020.01.24.918755; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.24.918755
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Climate change will drive novel cross-species viral transmission
Colin J. Carlson, Gregory F. Albery, Cory Merow, Christopher H. Trisos, Casey M. Zipfel, Evan A. Eskew, Kevin J. Olival, Noam Ross, Shweta Bansal
bioRxiv 2020.01.24.918755; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.24.918755

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