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Travelling with a parasite: the evolution of resistance and dispersal syndrome during experimental range expansion

View ORCID ProfileGiacomo Zilio, Louise S. Nørgaard, Claire Gougat-Barbera, Matthew D. Hall, View ORCID ProfileEmanuel A. Fronhofer, Oliver Kaltz
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.29.924498
Giacomo Zilio
1ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
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  • ORCID record for Giacomo Zilio
  • For correspondence: giacomo.zilio@umontpellier.fr
Louise S. Nørgaard
2School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Geometric Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Claire Gougat-Barbera
1ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
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Matthew D. Hall
2School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Geometric Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Emanuel A. Fronhofer
1ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
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Oliver Kaltz
1ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
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Abstract

Spatial dynamics of range-shifting species can be deeply affected by biotic interactions. One ubiquitous type of biotic interaction involves parasites. These can affect nearly all biological systems and impose major selective pressure on the host, leading to rapid evolutionary responses. Despite the potentially large impact of parasites, their role on host dispersal and subsequent range expansions remains mostly unexplored.

Therefore, we investigated whether parasites affect and alter host evolution during experimental range expansions. Using microbial model organisms spreading in microcosm landscapes, we found multi-trait evolution and rapid evolutionary shifts in dispersal syndromes due to spatial dynamics and parasitism. As predicted by theory, hosts that had evolved in the absence of parasites changed their movement pattern and increased dispersal at the range margins. The presence of parasites during the range expansion reshaped host phenotypic divergence between front and core, with hosts exhibiting overall reduced dispersal but increased resistance in the front. We suggest that the evolved differences in resistance and other host traits may be associated with a trade-off between dispersal and foraging efficiency.

Our work shows that the eco-evolutionary interactions between host and parasite during range expansions can shift the contenders to novel evolutionary trajectories and result in unexpected evolutionary outcomes. Understanding and finding general patterns to these complex dynamics is of critical relevance for conservation and disease management.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license.
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Posted January 29, 2020.
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Travelling with a parasite: the evolution of resistance and dispersal syndrome during experimental range expansion
Giacomo Zilio, Louise S. Nørgaard, Claire Gougat-Barbera, Matthew D. Hall, Emanuel A. Fronhofer, Oliver Kaltz
bioRxiv 2020.01.29.924498; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.29.924498
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Travelling with a parasite: the evolution of resistance and dispersal syndrome during experimental range expansion
Giacomo Zilio, Louise S. Nørgaard, Claire Gougat-Barbera, Matthew D. Hall, Emanuel A. Fronhofer, Oliver Kaltz
bioRxiv 2020.01.29.924498; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.29.924498

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