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Dissimilarity in sulcal width patterns in the cortex can be used to identify patients with schizophrenia with extreme deficits in cognitive performance

View ORCID ProfileJoost Janssen, Covadonga M. Díaz-Caneja, Clara Alloza, Anouck Schippers, Lucía de Hoyos, Javier Santonja, Pedro M. Gordaliza, Elizabeth E.L. Buimer, Neeltje E.M. van Haren, Wiepke Cahn, Celso Arango, René S. Kahn, Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol, Hugo G. Schnack
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.04.932210
Joost Janssen
1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
2Ciber del Área de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
3Department of Psychiatry, UMCU Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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  • ORCID record for Joost Janssen
  • For correspondence: joost.janssen76@gmail.com
Covadonga M. Díaz-Caneja
1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
2Ciber del Área de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
4School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Clara Alloza
1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
2Ciber del Área de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
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Anouck Schippers
1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
3Department of Psychiatry, UMCU Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Lucía de Hoyos
1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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Javier Santonja
1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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Pedro M. Gordaliza
5Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Elizabeth E.L. Buimer
3Department of Psychiatry, UMCU Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Neeltje E.M. van Haren
3Department of Psychiatry, UMCU Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
6Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Wiepke Cahn
3Department of Psychiatry, UMCU Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Celso Arango
1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
2Ciber del Área de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
4School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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René S. Kahn
3Department of Psychiatry, UMCU Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
7Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
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Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol
3Department of Psychiatry, UMCU Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Hugo G. Schnack
3Department of Psychiatry, UMCU Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract

Schizophrenia is a biologically complex disorder with multiple regional deficits in cortical brain morphology. In addition, interindividual heterogeneity of cortical morphological metrics is larger in patients with schizophrenia when compared to healthy controls. Exploiting interindividual differences in severity of cortical morphological deficits in patients instead of focusing on group averages may aid in detecting biologically informed homogeneous subgroups. The Person-Based Similarity Index (PBSI) of brain morphology indexes an individual’s morphometric similarity across numerous cortical regions amongst a sample of healthy subjects. We extended the PBSI such that it indexes morphometric similarity of an independent individual (e.g., a patient) with respect to healthy control subjects. By employing a normative modeling approach on longitudinal data, we determined an individual’s degree of morphometric dissimilarity to the norm. We calculated the PBSI for sulcal width (PBSI-SW) in patients with schizophrenia and healthy control subjects (164 patients, 164 healthy controls; 656 MRI scans) and associated it with cognitive performance and cortical sulcation index. A subgroup of patients with markedly deviant PBSI-SW showed extreme deficits in cognitive performance and cortical sulcation. Progressive reduction of PBSI-SW in the schizophrenia group relative to healthy controls was driven by these deviating individuals. By explicitly leveraging interindividual differences in severity of PBSI-SW deficits, neuroimaging-driven subgrouping of patients is feasible. As such, our results pave the way for future applications of morphometric similarity indices for subtyping of clinical populations.

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Posted February 04, 2020.
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Dissimilarity in sulcal width patterns in the cortex can be used to identify patients with schizophrenia with extreme deficits in cognitive performance
Joost Janssen, Covadonga M. Díaz-Caneja, Clara Alloza, Anouck Schippers, Lucía de Hoyos, Javier Santonja, Pedro M. Gordaliza, Elizabeth E.L. Buimer, Neeltje E.M. van Haren, Wiepke Cahn, Celso Arango, René S. Kahn, Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol, Hugo G. Schnack
bioRxiv 2020.02.04.932210; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.04.932210
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Dissimilarity in sulcal width patterns in the cortex can be used to identify patients with schizophrenia with extreme deficits in cognitive performance
Joost Janssen, Covadonga M. Díaz-Caneja, Clara Alloza, Anouck Schippers, Lucía de Hoyos, Javier Santonja, Pedro M. Gordaliza, Elizabeth E.L. Buimer, Neeltje E.M. van Haren, Wiepke Cahn, Celso Arango, René S. Kahn, Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol, Hugo G. Schnack
bioRxiv 2020.02.04.932210; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.04.932210

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