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Exploratory Factor Analysis with Structured Residuals for Brain Imaging Data

View ORCID ProfileErik-Jan van Kesteren, View ORCID ProfileRogier A. Kievit
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.06.933689
Erik-Jan van Kesteren
1Utrecht University, Department of Methodology and Statistics
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  • For correspondence: e.vankesteren1@uu.nl
Rogier A. Kievit
2University of Cambridge, MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit
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Abstract

Dimension reduction is widely used and often necessary to reduce high dimensional data to a small number of underlying variables, making subsequent analyses and their interpretation tractable. One popular technique is Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), used by cognitive neuroscientists to reduce measurements from a large number of brain regions to a tractable number of factors. However, dimension reduction often ignores relevant a priori knowledge about the structure of the data. For example, it is well established that the brain is highly symmetric. In this paper, we (a) show the adverse consequences of ignoring a priori structure in factor analysis, (b) propose a technique to accommodate structure in EFA using structured residuals (EFAST), and (c) apply this technique to three large and varied brain imaging datasets, demonstrating the superior fit and interpretability of our approach. We provide an R software package to enable researchers to apply EFAST to other suitable datasets.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Footnotes

  • Added additional empirical examples and adapted the text and structure accordingly.

  • https://github.com/vankesteren/efast

  • https://github.com/vankesteren/efast_code

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY 4.0 International license.
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Posted May 01, 2020.
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Exploratory Factor Analysis with Structured Residuals for Brain Imaging Data
Erik-Jan van Kesteren, Rogier A. Kievit
bioRxiv 2020.02.06.933689; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.06.933689
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Exploratory Factor Analysis with Structured Residuals for Brain Imaging Data
Erik-Jan van Kesteren, Rogier A. Kievit
bioRxiv 2020.02.06.933689; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.06.933689

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