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EXO70D isoforms mediate selective autophagic degradation of Type-A ARR proteins to regulate cytokinin sensitivity

Atiako Kwame Acheampong, Carly Shanks, Chai-Yi Chang, G. Eric Schaller, Yasin Dagdas, Joseph J. Kieber
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.07.938712
Atiako Kwame Acheampong
1Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Carly Shanks
1Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Chai-Yi Chang
1Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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G. Eric Schaller
2Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
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Yasin Dagdas
3Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Joseph J. Kieber
1Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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  • For correspondence: jkieber@unc.edu
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Abstract

The phytohormone cytokinin influences many aspects of plant growth and development, several of which also involve the cellular process of autophagy, including leaf senescence, nutrient re-mobilization, and developmental transitions. The Arabidopsis type-A Response Regulators (type-A ARR) are negative regulators of cytokinin signaling that are transcriptionally induced in response to cytokinin. Here, we describe a mechanistic link between cytokinin signaling and autophagy, demonstrating that plants modulate cytokinin sensitivity through autophagic regulation of type-A ARR proteins. Type-A ARR proteins were degraded by autophagy in an AUTOPHAGY-RELATED (ATG)5-dependent manner. EXO70D family members interacted with Type-A ARR proteins, likely in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, and recruited them to autophagosomes via interaction with the core autophagy protein, ATG8. Consistently, loss-of-function exo70D1,2,3 mutants compromised targeting of type-A ARRs to autophagic vesicles, have elevated levels of type-A ARR proteins, and are hyposensitive to cytokinin. Disruption of both type-A ARRs and EXO70D1,2,3 compromised survival in carbon-deficient conditions, suggesting interaction between autophagy and cytokinin responsiveness in response to stress. These results indicate that the EXO70D proteins act as selective autophagy receptors to target type-A ARR cargos for autophagic degradation, demonstrating that cytokinin signaling can be modulated by selective autophagy.

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Posted February 07, 2020.
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EXO70D isoforms mediate selective autophagic degradation of Type-A ARR proteins to regulate cytokinin sensitivity
Atiako Kwame Acheampong, Carly Shanks, Chai-Yi Chang, G. Eric Schaller, Yasin Dagdas, Joseph J. Kieber
bioRxiv 2020.02.07.938712; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.07.938712
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EXO70D isoforms mediate selective autophagic degradation of Type-A ARR proteins to regulate cytokinin sensitivity
Atiako Kwame Acheampong, Carly Shanks, Chai-Yi Chang, G. Eric Schaller, Yasin Dagdas, Joseph J. Kieber
bioRxiv 2020.02.07.938712; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.07.938712

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