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Inhibitory neurons are a Central Controlling regulator in the effective cortical microconnectome

Motoki Kajiwara, Ritsuki Nomura, Felix Goetze, Tatsuya Akutsu, Masanori Shimono
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.18.954016
Motoki Kajiwara
1Graduate Schools of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Kawaramachi, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Ritsuki Nomura
1Graduate Schools of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Kawaramachi, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Felix Goetze
2Department of Physics and Center for Complex Systems, National Central University, Chung-Li District, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan, Republic of China
3Molecular Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Central University
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Tatsuya Akutsu
4Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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Masanori Shimono
1Graduate Schools of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Kawaramachi, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
5Hakubi center, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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  • For correspondence: shimono.masanori.7w@kyoto-u.ac.jp
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Abstract

The brain is a network system in which excitatory and inhibitory neurons keep the activity balanced in the highly non-uniform connectivity pattern of the microconnectome. It is well known that the relative percentage of inhibitory neurons is much smaller than excitatory neurons. So, in general, how the inhibitory neurons can keep the balance with the surrounding excitatory neurons is an important question.

We observed effective networks, reflecting causal interactions, of ~1000 neurons in cortical acute slices. Surprisingly, we found that inhibitory neurons are not only located at more central positions than excitatory neurons but also have stronger controlling ability of other neurons than excitatory neurons. Besides, we found that the precedence in centrality and controlling ability of inhibitory neurons are well observed in deep cortical layers by comparing with distribution of neurons coloured by NeuN immunostaining data. Preceding the observation, we also found that inhibitory neurons show higher firing rate than excitatory neurons, and that their firing rate also closely obey a log-normal distribution as previously known about excitatory neurons. Additionally, their connectivity strengths also obeyed a log-normal distribution.

In summary, within the network interaction of huge numbers of neurons, inhibitory neurons seem to produce a central controlling system that sustains the homeostatic behavior of the brain. A similar evaluation in different life stages and in disease states etc. will not only provide deeper understandings in the homeostasis of the brain, but also will provide a selective and effective way to stimulate individual neurons to modulate neuropsychiatry or neurodegeneration disease states.

Footnotes

  • Email: kajiwara.motoki.83z{at}st.kyoto-u.ac.jp, Email: nomura.ritsuki.66s{at}st.kyoto-u.ac.jp, Email: afgoetze{at}gmail.com, Email: takutsu{at}kuicr.kyoto-u.ac.jp

  • Conflict of interest The authors declare no competing financial interests

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted February 18, 2020.
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Inhibitory neurons are a Central Controlling regulator in the effective cortical microconnectome
Motoki Kajiwara, Ritsuki Nomura, Felix Goetze, Tatsuya Akutsu, Masanori Shimono
bioRxiv 2020.02.18.954016; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.18.954016
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Inhibitory neurons are a Central Controlling regulator in the effective cortical microconnectome
Motoki Kajiwara, Ritsuki Nomura, Felix Goetze, Tatsuya Akutsu, Masanori Shimono
bioRxiv 2020.02.18.954016; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.18.954016

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