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Strong evolutionary convergence of receptor-binding protein spike between COVID-19 and SARS-related coronaviruses

View ORCID ProfileYonghua Wu
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.04.975995
Yonghua Wu
School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, China
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  • For correspondence: wuyh442@nenu.edu.cn
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Abstract

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-related coronaviruses (e.g., 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV) are phylogenetically distantly related, but both are capable of infecting human hosts via the same receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, and cause similar clinical and pathological features, suggesting their phenotypic convergence. Yet, the molecular basis that underlies their phenotypic convergence remains unknown. Here, we used a recently developed molecular phyloecological approach to examine the molecular basis leading to their phenotypic convergence. Our genome-level analyses show that the spike protein, which is responsible for receptor binding, has undergone significant Darwinian selection along the branches related to 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV. Further examination shows an unusually high proportion of evolutionary convergent amino acid sites in the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein between COVID-19 and SARS-related CoV clades, leading to the phylogenetic uniting of their RBD protein sequences. In addition to the spike protein, we also find the evolutionary convergence of its partner protein, ORF3a, suggesting their possible co-evolutionary convergence. Our results demonstrate a strong adaptive evolutionary convergence between COVID-19 and SARS-related CoV, possibly facilitating their adaptation to similar or identical receptors. Finally, it should be noted that many observed bat SARS-like CoVs that have an evolutionary convergent RBD sequence with 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV may be pre-adapted to human host receptor ACE2, and hence would be potential new coronavirus sources to infect humans in the future.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted March 04, 2020.
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Strong evolutionary convergence of receptor-binding protein spike between COVID-19 and SARS-related coronaviruses
Yonghua Wu
bioRxiv 2020.03.04.975995; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.04.975995
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Strong evolutionary convergence of receptor-binding protein spike between COVID-19 and SARS-related coronaviruses
Yonghua Wu
bioRxiv 2020.03.04.975995; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.04.975995

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