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SARS-CoV-2 sensitive to type I interferon pretreatment

Kumari G. Lokugamage, View ORCID ProfileCraig Schindewolf, View ORCID ProfileVineet D. Menachery
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.07.982264
Kumari G. Lokugamage
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston TX, USA
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Craig Schindewolf
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston TX, USA
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Vineet D. Menachery
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston TX, USA
2Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston TX, USA
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  • For correspondence: Vimenach@utmb.edu
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Abstract

SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus (CoV), has recently emerged causing an ongoing outbreak of viral pneumonia around the world. While genetically distinct from the original SARS-CoV, both group 2B coronaviruses share similar genome organization and origins to coronaviruses harbored in bats. Importantly, initial guidance has used insights from SARS-CoV infection to inform treatment and public health strategies. In this report, we evaluate SARS-CoV-2 relative to the original SARS-CoV. Our results indicate that while SARS-CoV-2 maintains similar viral replication kinetics to SARS-CoV in Vero cell, the novel coronavirus is much more sensitive to type I interferon pretreatment. We subsequently examined homology between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 in viral proteins shown to be interferon antagonist. The absence of open reading frame (ORF) 3b and significant changes to ORF6 suggest the two key IFN antagonists may not maintain equivalent function in SARS-CoV-2. Together, the results identify key differences in susceptibility to the IFN response between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 that could help inform disease progression, treatment options, and animal model development.

Footnotes

  • Article Summary: SARS-CoV-2 has similar replication kinetics to SARS-CoV, but demonstrates significant sensitivity to type I interferon treatment.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license.
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Posted March 09, 2020.
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SARS-CoV-2 sensitive to type I interferon pretreatment
Kumari G. Lokugamage, Craig Schindewolf, Vineet D. Menachery
bioRxiv 2020.03.07.982264; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.07.982264
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SARS-CoV-2 sensitive to type I interferon pretreatment
Kumari G. Lokugamage, Craig Schindewolf, Vineet D. Menachery
bioRxiv 2020.03.07.982264; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.07.982264

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