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A comparison of GABA-ergic (propofol) and non-GABA-ergic (dexmedetomidine) sedation on visual and motor cortical oscillations, using magnetoencephalography

Neeraj Saxena, Alexander D. Shaw, Lewys Richmond, Adele Babic, Krish D. Singh, Judith E. Hall, Richard G. Wise, Suresh D. Muthukumaraswamy
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.10.985242
Neeraj Saxena
1Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
2Department of Anaesthetics, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Llantrisant CF72 8XR, UK
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  • For correspondence: SaxenaN2@cardiff.ac.uk
Alexander D. Shaw
1Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
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Lewys Richmond
3Department of Anaesthetics, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, SA6 6NL, UK
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Adele Babic
4Department of Anaesthetics, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, NP20 2UB, UK
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Krish D. Singh
1Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
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Judith E. Hall
5Department of Anaesthetics, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
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Richard G. Wise
1Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
6Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio University” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
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Suresh D. Muthukumaraswamy
7School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Auckland University, Auckland 1123, New Zealand
8School of Psychology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Auckland University, Auckland 1123, New Zealand
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Summary

Background Understanding the effects of anaesthetic drugs on cortical oscillations can help to elucidate the mechanistic link between receptor physiology and their clinical effects. Propofol produces divergent effects on visual cortical activity: increasing induced gamma-band responses (GBR) while decreasing stimulus-onset-evoked responses) 1. Dexmedetomidine, an α2-adrenergic agonist, differs from GABA-ergic sedatives both mechanistically and clinically as it allows easy arousability from deeper sedation with less cognitive side-effects. Here we use magnetoencephalography (MEG) to characterize and compare the effects of GABAergic (propofol) and non-GABA-ergic (dexmedetomidine) sedation, on visual and motor cortical oscillations.

Methods Sixteen male participants received target-controlled infusions of propofol and dexmedetomidine, producing mild-sedation, in a placebo-controlled, cross-over study. MEG data was collected during a combined visual and motor task.

Results The key findings were that propofol significantly enhanced visual stimulus induced GBR (44% increase in amplitude) while dexmedetomidine decreased it (40%). Propofol also decreased the amplitudes of the M100 (27%) and M150 (52%) evoked responses, whilst dexmedetomidine had no effect on these. During the motor task, neither drug had any significant effect on motor GBR or movement related beta de-synchronisation (MRBD). However, dexmedetomidine increased (92%) post-movement beta synchronisation/rebound (PMBR) power while propofol reduced it (70%).

Conclusions Dexmedetomidine and propofol, at equi-sedative doses, have contrasting effects on visual stimulus induced GBR, visual evoked responses and PMBR. These findings provide a mechanistic link between the known receptor physiology of these sedative drugs and their known clinical effects and may be used to explore mechanisms of other anaesthetic drugs on human consciousness.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted March 11, 2020.
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A comparison of GABA-ergic (propofol) and non-GABA-ergic (dexmedetomidine) sedation on visual and motor cortical oscillations, using magnetoencephalography
Neeraj Saxena, Alexander D. Shaw, Lewys Richmond, Adele Babic, Krish D. Singh, Judith E. Hall, Richard G. Wise, Suresh D. Muthukumaraswamy
bioRxiv 2020.03.10.985242; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.10.985242
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A comparison of GABA-ergic (propofol) and non-GABA-ergic (dexmedetomidine) sedation on visual and motor cortical oscillations, using magnetoencephalography
Neeraj Saxena, Alexander D. Shaw, Lewys Richmond, Adele Babic, Krish D. Singh, Judith E. Hall, Richard G. Wise, Suresh D. Muthukumaraswamy
bioRxiv 2020.03.10.985242; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.10.985242

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