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Efficient inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by WHO-recommended hand rub formulations and alcohols

Annika Kratzel, Daniel Todt, Philip V’kovski, Silvio Steiner, Mitra L. Gultom, Tran Thi Nhu Thao, Nadine Ebert, Melle Holwerda, Jörg Steinmann, Daniela Niemeyer, View ORCID ProfileRonald Dijkman, Günter Kampf, Christian Drosten, Eike Steinmann, Volker Thiel, Stephanie Pfaender
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.10.986711
Annika Kratzel
1Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
2Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
3Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Daniel Todt
4Department for Molecular & Medical Virology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
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Philip V’kovski
1Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
2Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Silvio Steiner
1Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
2Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
3Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Mitra L. Gultom
1Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
2Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
3Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Tran Thi Nhu Thao
1Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
2Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
3Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Nadine Ebert
1Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
2Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Melle Holwerda
1Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
2Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
3Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
7Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Jörg Steinmann
5Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
6Institute of Clinical Hygiene, Medical Microbiology and Infectiology, General Hospital Nürnberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
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Daniela Niemeyer
9Institute of Virology, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Ronald Dijkman
1Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
2Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
7Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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  • ORCID record for Ronald Dijkman
Günter Kampf
8University Medicine Greifswald, Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
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Christian Drosten
9Institute of Virology, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Eike Steinmann
4Department for Molecular & Medical Virology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
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Volker Thiel
1Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
2Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Stephanie Pfaender
4Department for Molecular & Medical Virology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
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  • For correspondence: stephanie.pfaender@ruhr-uni-bochum.de
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Abstract

The recent emergence of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing COVID-19 is a major burden for health care systems worldwide. It is important to address if the current infection control instructions based on active ingredients are sufficient. We therefore determined the virucidal activity of two alcohol-based hand rub solutions for hand disinfection recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), as well as commercially available alcohols. Efficient SARS-CoV-2 inactivation was demonstrated for all tested alcohol-based disinfectants. These findings show the successful inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 for the first time and provide confidence in its use for the control of COVID-19.

Importance The current COVID-19 outbreak puts a huge burden on the world’s health care systems. Without effective therapeutics or vaccines being available, effective hygiene measure are of utmost importance to prevent viral spreading. It is therefore crucial to evaluate current infection control strategies against SARS-CoV-2. We show the inactivation of the novel coronavirus for the first time and endorse the importance of disinfectant-based hand hygiene to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

Footnotes

  • Financial support, This study was supported by the European Commission (Marie Sklodowska-Curie Innovative Training Network “HONOURS”; grant agreement No 721367), and by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany (BMBF; grant RAPID, #01KI1723A).

  • Conflict of interest: The authors do not have a conflict of interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted March 17, 2020.
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Efficient inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by WHO-recommended hand rub formulations and alcohols
Annika Kratzel, Daniel Todt, Philip V’kovski, Silvio Steiner, Mitra L. Gultom, Tran Thi Nhu Thao, Nadine Ebert, Melle Holwerda, Jörg Steinmann, Daniela Niemeyer, Ronald Dijkman, Günter Kampf, Christian Drosten, Eike Steinmann, Volker Thiel, Stephanie Pfaender
bioRxiv 2020.03.10.986711; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.10.986711
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Efficient inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by WHO-recommended hand rub formulations and alcohols
Annika Kratzel, Daniel Todt, Philip V’kovski, Silvio Steiner, Mitra L. Gultom, Tran Thi Nhu Thao, Nadine Ebert, Melle Holwerda, Jörg Steinmann, Daniela Niemeyer, Ronald Dijkman, Günter Kampf, Christian Drosten, Eike Steinmann, Volker Thiel, Stephanie Pfaender
bioRxiv 2020.03.10.986711; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.10.986711

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