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Genomic and dietary transitions during the Mesolithic and Early Neolithic in Sicily

Marieke S. van de Loosdrecht, Marcello A. Mannino, Sahra Talamo, Vanessa Villalba-Mouco, Cosimo Posth, Franziska Aron, Guido Brandt, Marta Burri, Cäcilia Freund, Rita Radzeviciute, Raphaela Stahl, Antje Wissgott, Lysann Klausnitzer, Sarah Nagel, Matthias Meyer, Antonio Tagliacozzo, Marcello Piperno, Sebastiano Tusa, Carmine Collina, Vittoria Schimmenti, Rosaria Di Salvo, Kay Prüfer, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Stephan Schiffels, Choongwon Jeong, Wolfgang Haak, Johannes Krause
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.11.986158
Marieke S. van de Loosdrecht
1Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Jena, Kahlaische Strasse 10, D-07745, Germany
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  • For correspondence: loosdrecht@shh.mpg.de marcello.mannino@cas.au.dk krause@shh.mpg.de
Marcello A. Mannino
2Department of Archeology and Heritage Studies, Aarhus University, Højbjerg, Moesgård Allé 20, 8270, Denmark
3Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI-EVA), Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103, Germany
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  • For correspondence: loosdrecht@shh.mpg.de marcello.mannino@cas.au.dk krause@shh.mpg.de
Sahra Talamo
3Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI-EVA), Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103, Germany
4Department of Chemistry G. Ciamician, Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna University, Via Selmi, 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
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Vanessa Villalba-Mouco
1Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Jena, Kahlaische Strasse 10, D-07745, Germany
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Cosimo Posth
1Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Jena, Kahlaische Strasse 10, D-07745, Germany
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Franziska Aron
1Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Jena, Kahlaische Strasse 10, D-07745, Germany
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Guido Brandt
1Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Jena, Kahlaische Strasse 10, D-07745, Germany
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Marta Burri
1Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Jena, Kahlaische Strasse 10, D-07745, Germany
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Cäcilia Freund
1Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Jena, Kahlaische Strasse 10, D-07745, Germany
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Rita Radzeviciute
1Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Jena, Kahlaische Strasse 10, D-07745, Germany
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Raphaela Stahl
1Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Jena, Kahlaische Strasse 10, D-07745, Germany
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Antje Wissgott
1Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Jena, Kahlaische Strasse 10, D-07745, Germany
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Lysann Klausnitzer
3Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI-EVA), Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103, Germany
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Sarah Nagel
5Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI-EVA), Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103, Germany
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Matthias Meyer
5Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI-EVA), Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103, Germany
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Antonio Tagliacozzo
6Service of Bioarchaeology Museo delle Civiltà, museo preistorico etnografico “Luigi Pigorini”, P.le G. Marconi 14, Rome, Italy
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Marcello Piperno
7Department of Ancient World Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Via Palestro 63, 00185, Italy
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Sebastiano Tusa
8Soprintendenza del Mare, Palermo, Via Lungarini 9, 90133, Italy
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Carmine Collina
9Museo Civico Biagio Greco, Mondragone (Caserta), Via Genova 2, 81034, Italy
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Vittoria Schimmenti
10Museo Archeologico Regionale “Antonino Salinas”, Palermo, Via Bara all’Olivella 24, 90133, Italy
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Rosaria Di Salvo
10Museo Archeologico Regionale “Antonino Salinas”, Palermo, Via Bara all’Olivella 24, 90133, Italy
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Kay Prüfer
1Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Jena, Kahlaische Strasse 10, D-07745, Germany
5Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI-EVA), Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103, Germany
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Jean-Jacques Hublin
3Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI-EVA), Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103, Germany
11Collège de France, 11 place Marcellin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
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Stephan Schiffels
1Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Jena, Kahlaische Strasse 10, D-07745, Germany
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Choongwon Jeong
1Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Jena, Kahlaische Strasse 10, D-07745, Germany
12School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 1 Gwanak-ro, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Wolfgang Haak
1Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Jena, Kahlaische Strasse 10, D-07745, Germany
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Johannes Krause
1Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Jena, Kahlaische Strasse 10, D-07745, Germany
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  • For correspondence: loosdrecht@shh.mpg.de marcello.mannino@cas.au.dk krause@shh.mpg.de
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Abstract

Southern Italy is a key region for understanding the agricultural transition in the Mediterranean due to its central position. We present a genomic transect for 19 prehistoric Sicilians that covers the Early Mesolithic to Early Neolithic period. We find that the Early Mesolithic hunter-gatherers (HGs) are a highly drifted sister lineage to Early Holocene western European HGs, whereas a quarter of the Late Mesolithic HGs ancestry is related to HGs from eastern Europe and the Near East. This indicates substantial gene flow from (south-)eastern Europe between the Early and Late Mesolithic. The Early Neolithic farmers are genetically most similar to those from the Balkan and Greece, and carry only a maximum of ∼7% ancestry from Sicilian Mesolithic HGs. Ancestry changes match changes in dietary profile and material culture, except for two individuals who may provide tentative initial evidence that HGs adopted elements of farming in Sicily.

One-sentence summary Genome-wide and isotopic data from prehistoric Sicilians reveal a pre-farming connection to (south-) eastern Europe, and tentative initial evidence that hunter-gatherers adopted some Neolithic aspects prior to near-total replacement by early farmers.

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Genomic and dietary transitions during the Mesolithic and Early Neolithic in Sicily
Marieke S. van de Loosdrecht, Marcello A. Mannino, Sahra Talamo, Vanessa Villalba-Mouco, Cosimo Posth, Franziska Aron, Guido Brandt, Marta Burri, Cäcilia Freund, Rita Radzeviciute, Raphaela Stahl, Antje Wissgott, Lysann Klausnitzer, Sarah Nagel, Matthias Meyer, Antonio Tagliacozzo, Marcello Piperno, Sebastiano Tusa, Carmine Collina, Vittoria Schimmenti, Rosaria Di Salvo, Kay Prüfer, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Stephan Schiffels, Choongwon Jeong, Wolfgang Haak, Johannes Krause
bioRxiv 2020.03.11.986158; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.11.986158
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Genomic and dietary transitions during the Mesolithic and Early Neolithic in Sicily
Marieke S. van de Loosdrecht, Marcello A. Mannino, Sahra Talamo, Vanessa Villalba-Mouco, Cosimo Posth, Franziska Aron, Guido Brandt, Marta Burri, Cäcilia Freund, Rita Radzeviciute, Raphaela Stahl, Antje Wissgott, Lysann Klausnitzer, Sarah Nagel, Matthias Meyer, Antonio Tagliacozzo, Marcello Piperno, Sebastiano Tusa, Carmine Collina, Vittoria Schimmenti, Rosaria Di Salvo, Kay Prüfer, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Stephan Schiffels, Choongwon Jeong, Wolfgang Haak, Johannes Krause
bioRxiv 2020.03.11.986158; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.11.986158

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