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Comparative Pathogenesis Of COVID-19, MERS And SARS In A Non-Human Primate Model

View ORCID ProfileBarry Rockx, Thijs Kuiken, Sander Herfst, Theo Bestebroer, Mart M. Lamers, Dennis de Meulder, Geert van Amerongen, Judith van den Brand, Nisreen M.A. Okba, Debby Schipper, Peter van Run, Lonneke Leijten, Ernst Verschoor, Babs Verstrepen, Jan Langermans, Christian Drosten, Martje Fentener van Vlissingen, Ron Fouchier, Rik de Swart, Marion Koopmans, Bart L. Haagmans
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.17.995639
Barry Rockx
1Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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  • For correspondence: b.rockx@erasmusmc.nl b.haagmans@erasmusmc.nl
Thijs Kuiken
1Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Sander Herfst
1Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Theo Bestebroer
1Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Mart M. Lamers
1Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Dennis de Meulder
1Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Geert van Amerongen
2Viroclinics Xplore, Schaijk, the Netherlands
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Judith van den Brand
1Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Nisreen M.A. Okba
1Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Debby Schipper
1Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Peter van Run
1Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Lonneke Leijten
1Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Ernst Verschoor
3Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
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Babs Verstrepen
3Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
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Jan Langermans
3Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
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Christian Drosten
4Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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Martje Fentener van Vlissingen
5Erasmus Laboratory Animal Science Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Ron Fouchier
1Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Rik de Swart
1Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Marion Koopmans
1Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Bart L. Haagmans
1Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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  • For correspondence: b.rockx@erasmusmc.nl b.haagmans@erasmusmc.nl
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Abstract

A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was recently identified in patients with an acute respiratory syndrome, COVID-19. To compare its pathogenesis with that of previously emerging coronaviruses, we inoculated cynomolgus macaques with SARS-CoV-2 or MERS-CoV and compared with historical SARS-CoV infections. In SARS-CoV-2-infected macaques, virus was excreted from nose and throat in absence of clinical signs, and detected in type I and II pneumocytes in foci of diffuse alveolar damage and mucous glands of the nasal cavity. In SARS-CoV-infection, lung lesions were typically more severe, while they were milder in MERS-CoV infection, where virus was detected mainly in type II pneumocytes. These data show that SARS-CoV-2 can cause a COVID-19-like disease, and suggest that the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection is intermediate between that of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.

One Sentence Summary SARS-CoV-2 infection in macaques results in COVID-19-like disease with prolonged virus excretion from nose and throat in absence of clinical signs.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Comparative Pathogenesis Of COVID-19, MERS And SARS In A Non-Human Primate Model
Barry Rockx, Thijs Kuiken, Sander Herfst, Theo Bestebroer, Mart M. Lamers, Dennis de Meulder, Geert van Amerongen, Judith van den Brand, Nisreen M.A. Okba, Debby Schipper, Peter van Run, Lonneke Leijten, Ernst Verschoor, Babs Verstrepen, Jan Langermans, Christian Drosten, Martje Fentener van Vlissingen, Ron Fouchier, Rik de Swart, Marion Koopmans, Bart L. Haagmans
bioRxiv 2020.03.17.995639; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.17.995639
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Comparative Pathogenesis Of COVID-19, MERS And SARS In A Non-Human Primate Model
Barry Rockx, Thijs Kuiken, Sander Herfst, Theo Bestebroer, Mart M. Lamers, Dennis de Meulder, Geert van Amerongen, Judith van den Brand, Nisreen M.A. Okba, Debby Schipper, Peter van Run, Lonneke Leijten, Ernst Verschoor, Babs Verstrepen, Jan Langermans, Christian Drosten, Martje Fentener van Vlissingen, Ron Fouchier, Rik de Swart, Marion Koopmans, Bart L. Haagmans
bioRxiv 2020.03.17.995639; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.17.995639

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