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SARS-CoV-2 launches a unique transcriptional signature from in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo systems

Daniel Blanco-Melo, Benjamin E. Nilsson-Payant, Wen-Chun Liu, Rasmus Møller, Maryline Panis, David Sachs, Randy A. Albrecht, Benjamin R. tenOever
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.24.004655
Daniel Blanco-Melo
1Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
2Virus Engineering Center for Therapeutics and Research (VECToR), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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Benjamin E. Nilsson-Payant
1Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
2Virus Engineering Center for Therapeutics and Research (VECToR), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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Wen-Chun Liu
1Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
3Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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Rasmus Møller
1Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
2Virus Engineering Center for Therapeutics and Research (VECToR), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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Maryline Panis
1Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
2Virus Engineering Center for Therapeutics and Research (VECToR), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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David Sachs
4Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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Randy A. Albrecht
1Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
3Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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  • For correspondence: benjamin.tenoever@mssm.edu
Benjamin R. tenOever
1Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
2Virus Engineering Center for Therapeutics and Research (VECToR), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
3Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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  • For correspondence: benjamin.tenoever@mssm.edu
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ABSTRACT

One of the greatest threats to humanity is the emergence of a pandemic virus. Among those with the greatest potential for such an event include influenza viruses and coronaviruses. In the last century alone, we have observed four major influenza A virus pandemics as well as the emergence of three highly pathogenic coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. As no effective antiviral treatments or vaccines are presently available against SARS-CoV-2, it is important to understand the host response to this virus as this may guide the efforts in development towards novel therapeutics. Here, we offer the first in-depth characterization of the host transcriptional response to SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory infections through in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo model systems. Our data demonstrate the each virus elicits both core antiviral components as well as unique transcriptional footprints. Compared to the response to influenza A virus and respiratory syncytial virus, SARS-CoV-2 elicits a muted response that lacks robust induction of a subset of cytokines including the Type I and Type III interferons as well as a numerous chemokines. Taken together, these data suggest that the unique transcriptional signature of this virus may be responsible for the development of COVID-19.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted March 24, 2020.
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SARS-CoV-2 launches a unique transcriptional signature from in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo systems
Daniel Blanco-Melo, Benjamin E. Nilsson-Payant, Wen-Chun Liu, Rasmus Møller, Maryline Panis, David Sachs, Randy A. Albrecht, Benjamin R. tenOever
bioRxiv 2020.03.24.004655; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.24.004655
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SARS-CoV-2 launches a unique transcriptional signature from in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo systems
Daniel Blanco-Melo, Benjamin E. Nilsson-Payant, Wen-Chun Liu, Rasmus Møller, Maryline Panis, David Sachs, Randy A. Albrecht, Benjamin R. tenOever
bioRxiv 2020.03.24.004655; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.24.004655

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