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Facilitative priority effects drive parasite assembly under coinfection

View ORCID ProfileFletcher W. Halliday, View ORCID ProfileRachel M. Penczykowski, Benoit Barrès, View ORCID ProfileJenalle L. Eck, Elina Numminen, View ORCID ProfileAnna-Liisa Laine
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.30.015495
Fletcher W. Halliday
1Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, CH
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  • For correspondence: fletcher.w.halliday@gmail.com rpenczykowski@wustl.edu
Rachel M. Penczykowski
2Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
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  • For correspondence: fletcher.w.halliday@gmail.com rpenczykowski@wustl.edu
Benoit Barrès
3Organismal & Evolutionary Biology Research Program, PO Box 65, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
4Université de Lyon, Anses, INRAE, USC CASPER, Lyon, France
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Jenalle L. Eck
1Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, CH
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Elina Numminen
3Organismal & Evolutionary Biology Research Program, PO Box 65, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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Anna-Liisa Laine
1Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, CH
3Organismal & Evolutionary Biology Research Program, PO Box 65, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract

Host individuals are often coinfected with diverse parasite assemblages, resulting in complex interactions among parasites within hosts. Within hosts, priority effects occur when the infection sequence alters the outcome of interactions among parasites. Yet, the role of host immunity in this process remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that the host response to first infection could generate priority effects among parasites, altering the assembly of later arriving strains during epidemics. We tested this by infecting sentinel host genotypes of Plantago lanceolata with strains of the fungal parasite, Podosphaera plantaginis, and measuring susceptibility to subsequent infection during experimental and natural epidemics. In these experiments, prior infection by one strain often increased susceptibility to other strains, and these facilitative priority effects altered the structure of parasite assemblages, but this effect depended on host genotype, host population, and parasite genotype. Thus, host genotype, spatial structure, and priority effects among strains all independently altered parasite assembly. Then, using a fine-scale survey and sampling of infections on wild hosts in several populations, we identified a signal of facilitative priority effects, which altered parasite assembly during natural epidemics. Together, these results provide evidence that within host priority effects by early arriving strains can drive parasite assembly, with implications for how strain diversity is spatially and temporally distributed during epidemics.

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  • ↵* Co-first authors

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Posted March 31, 2020.
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Facilitative priority effects drive parasite assembly under coinfection
Fletcher W. Halliday, Rachel M. Penczykowski, Benoit Barrès, Jenalle L. Eck, Elina Numminen, Anna-Liisa Laine
bioRxiv 2020.03.30.015495; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.30.015495
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Facilitative priority effects drive parasite assembly under coinfection
Fletcher W. Halliday, Rachel M. Penczykowski, Benoit Barrès, Jenalle L. Eck, Elina Numminen, Anna-Liisa Laine
bioRxiv 2020.03.30.015495; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.30.015495

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