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LY6E Restricts the Entry of Human Coronaviruses, including the currently pandemic SARS-CoV-2

View ORCID ProfileXuesen Zhao, Shuangli Zheng, Danying Chen, Mei Zheng, Xinglin Li, Guoli Li, Hanxin Lin, Jinhong Chang, Hui Zeng, Ju-Tao Guo
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.02.021469
Xuesen Zhao
1Institute of Infectious disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
2Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Disease, Beijing 100015, China
4Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Hepatitis B Foundation, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902. USA
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  • For correspondence: zhaoxuesen@ccmu.edu.cn ju-tao.guo@bblumberg.org
Shuangli Zheng
1Institute of Infectious disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
2Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Disease, Beijing 100015, China
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Danying Chen
1Institute of Infectious disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
2Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Disease, Beijing 100015, China
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Mei Zheng
1Institute of Infectious disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
2Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Disease, Beijing 100015, China
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Xinglin Li
1Institute of Infectious disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
2Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Disease, Beijing 100015, China
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Guoli Li
1Institute of Infectious disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
2Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Disease, Beijing 100015, China
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Hanxin Lin
3Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada
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Jinhong Chang
4Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Hepatitis B Foundation, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902. USA
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Hui Zeng
1Institute of Infectious disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
2Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Disease, Beijing 100015, China
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Ju-Tao Guo
4Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Hepatitis B Foundation, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902. USA
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  • For correspondence: zhaoxuesen@ccmu.edu.cn ju-tao.guo@bblumberg.org
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ABSTRACT

C3A is a sub-clone of human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cell line with the strong contact inhibition of growth. We fortuitously found that C3A was more susceptible to human coronavirus HCoV-OC43 infection than HepG2, which was attributed to the increased efficiency of virus entry into C3A cells. In an effort to search for the host cellular protein(s) mediating the differential susceptibility of the two cell lines to HCoV-OC43 infection, we found that ADAP2, GILT and LY6E, three cellular proteins with known activity of interfering virus entry, expressed at significantly higher levels in HepG2 cells. Functional analyses revealed that ectopic expression of LY6E, but not GILT or ADAP2, in HEK 293 cells inhibited the entry of HCoV-OC43. While overexpression of LY6E in C3A and A549 cells efficiently inhibited the infection of HCoV-OC43, knockdown of LY6E expression in HepG2 significantly increased its susceptibility to HCoV-OC43 infection. Moreover, we found that LY6E also efficiently restricted the entry mediated by the envelope spike proteins of other human coronaviruses, including the currently pandemic SARS-CoV-2. Interestingly, overexpression of serine protease TMPRSS2 or amphotericin treatment significantly neutralized the IFITM3 restriction of human coronavirus entry, but did not compromise the effect of LY6E on the entry of human coronaviruses. The work reported herein thus demonstrates that LY6E is a critical antiviral immune effector that controls CoV infection and pathogenesis via a distinct mechanism.

Importance Virus entry into host cells is one of the key determinants of host range and cell tropism and is subjected to the control by host innate and adaptive immune responses. In the last decade, several interferon inducible cellular proteins, including IFITMs, GILT, ADAP2, 25CH and LY6E, had been identified to modulate the infectious entry of a variety of viruses. Particularly, LY6E was recently identified as host factors to facilitate the entry of several human pathogenic viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus, influenza A virus and yellow fever virus. Identification of LY6E as a potent restriction factor of coronaviruses expands the biological function of LY6E and sheds new light on the immunopathogenesis of human coronavirus infection.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted April 05, 2020.
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LY6E Restricts the Entry of Human Coronaviruses, including the currently pandemic SARS-CoV-2
Xuesen Zhao, Shuangli Zheng, Danying Chen, Mei Zheng, Xinglin Li, Guoli Li, Hanxin Lin, Jinhong Chang, Hui Zeng, Ju-Tao Guo
bioRxiv 2020.04.02.021469; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.02.021469
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LY6E Restricts the Entry of Human Coronaviruses, including the currently pandemic SARS-CoV-2
Xuesen Zhao, Shuangli Zheng, Danying Chen, Mei Zheng, Xinglin Li, Guoli Li, Hanxin Lin, Jinhong Chang, Hui Zeng, Ju-Tao Guo
bioRxiv 2020.04.02.021469; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.02.021469

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