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Geographic mosaic of selection by avian predators on hindwing warning colour in a polymorphic aposematic moth

View ORCID ProfileKatja Ronka, Janne Valkonen, Ossi Nokelainen, View ORCID ProfileBibiana Rojas, Swanne Gordon, Emily Burdfield-Steel, Johanna Mappes
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.08.032078
Katja Ronka
1 University of Helsinki;
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  • For correspondence: katja.ronka@helsinki.fi
Janne Valkonen
2 University of Jyvaskyla;
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  • For correspondence: janne.k.valkonen@jyu.fi
Ossi Nokelainen
2 University of Jyvaskyla;
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  • For correspondence: ossi.nokelainen@jyu.fi
Bibiana Rojas
2 University of Jyvaskyla;
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Swanne Gordon
3 Washington University in St. Louis;
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  • For correspondence: swanne.gordon@wustl.edu
Emily Burdfield-Steel
4 University of Amsterdam
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  • For correspondence: e.r.burdfieldsteel@uva.nl
Johanna Mappes
2 University of Jyvaskyla;
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  • For correspondence: johanna.mappes@jyu.fi
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Abstract

Warning signals are predicted to develop signal monomorphism via positive frequency-dependent selection (+FDS) albeit many aposematic systems exhibit signal polymorphism. To understand this mismatch, we conducted a large-scale predation experiment in four locations, among which the frequencies of hindwing warning coloration of aposematic Arctia plantaginis differ. Here we show that selection by avian predators on warning colour is predicted by local morph frequency and predator community composition. We found +FDS to be strongest in monomorphic Scotland, and in contrast, lowest in polymorphic Finland, where different predators favour different male morphs. +FDS was also found in Georgia, where the predator community was the least diverse, whereas in the most diverse avian community in Estonia, hardly any models were attacked. Our results support the idea that spatial variation in predator and prey communities alters the strength or direction of selection on warning signals, thus facilitating a geographic mosaic of selection.

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Posted April 09, 2020.
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Geographic mosaic of selection by avian predators on hindwing warning colour in a polymorphic aposematic moth
Katja Ronka, Janne Valkonen, Ossi Nokelainen, Bibiana Rojas, Swanne Gordon, Emily Burdfield-Steel, Johanna Mappes
bioRxiv 2020.04.08.032078; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.08.032078
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Geographic mosaic of selection by avian predators on hindwing warning colour in a polymorphic aposematic moth
Katja Ronka, Janne Valkonen, Ossi Nokelainen, Bibiana Rojas, Swanne Gordon, Emily Burdfield-Steel, Johanna Mappes
bioRxiv 2020.04.08.032078; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.08.032078

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