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Mycobacteria tolerate carbon monoxide by remodelling their respiratory chain

Katherine Bayly, View ORCID ProfilePaul R. F. Cordero, Cheng Huang, Ralf B. Schittenhelm, View ORCID ProfileRhys Grinter, View ORCID ProfileChris Greening
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.08.032912
Katherine Bayly
aDepartment of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
bSchool of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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Paul R. F. Cordero
aDepartment of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
bSchool of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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Cheng Huang
cMonash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility and Department of Biochemistry, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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Ralf B. Schittenhelm
cMonash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility and Department of Biochemistry, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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Rhys Grinter
aDepartment of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
bSchool of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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  • For correspondence: chris.greening@monash.edu rhys.grinter@monash.edu
Chris Greening
aDepartment of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
bSchool of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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  • For correspondence: chris.greening@monash.edu rhys.grinter@monash.edu
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Abstract

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a gas infamous for its acute toxicity. The toxicity of CO predominantly stems from its tendency to form carbonyl complexes with transition metals, thus inhibiting the heme-prosthetic groups of proteins, including the terminal oxidases of the respiratory chain. While CO has been proposed as an antibacterial agent, the evidence supporting its toxicity towards bacteria is equivocal, and its cellular targets remain poorly defined. In this work, we investigate the physiological response of mycobacteria to CO. We show that Mycobacterium smegmatis is highly resistant to the toxic effects of CO, exhibiting normal growth parameters when cultured in its presence. We profiled the proteome of M. smegmatis during growth in CO, identifying strong induction of cytochrome bd oxidase and members of the dos regulon, but relatively few other changes. We show that the activity of cytochrome bd oxidase is resistant to CO, whereas cytochrome bcc-aa3 oxidase is strongly inhibited by this gas. Consistent with these findings, growth analysis shows that M. smegmatis lacking cytochrome bd oxidase displays a significant growth defect in the presence of CO, while induction of the dos regulon appears to be unimportant for adaption to CO. Altogether, our findings suggest that M. smegmatis has considerable resistance to CO and benefits from respiratory flexibility to withstand its inhibitory effects.

Importance Carbon monoxide has an infamous reputation as a toxic gas and it has been suggested that it has potential as an antibacterial agent. Despite this, the means by which bacteria resist its toxic effects are not well understood. In this study we determine the physiological response of Mycobacterium smegmatis to growth in CO. We show for the first time that the cytochrome bd oxidase is inherently resistant to CO and is deployed by M. smegmatis to tolerate the presence of this gas. Further, we show that aside from this remodelling of its respiratory chain, M. smegmatis makes few other functional changes to its proteome, suggesting it has a high level of inherent resistance to CO.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.
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Posted April 09, 2020.
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Mycobacteria tolerate carbon monoxide by remodelling their respiratory chain
Katherine Bayly, Paul R. F. Cordero, Cheng Huang, Ralf B. Schittenhelm, Rhys Grinter, Chris Greening
bioRxiv 2020.04.08.032912; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.08.032912
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Mycobacteria tolerate carbon monoxide by remodelling their respiratory chain
Katherine Bayly, Paul R. F. Cordero, Cheng Huang, Ralf B. Schittenhelm, Rhys Grinter, Chris Greening
bioRxiv 2020.04.08.032912; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.08.032912

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