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Triclosan depletes the membrane potential in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms inhibiting aminoglycoside induced adaptive resistance

View ORCID ProfileMichael M. Maiden, Christopher M. Waters
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.09.034033
Michael M. Maiden
1Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and The BEACON Center for The Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
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Christopher M. Waters
1Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and The BEACON Center for The Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
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  • For correspondence: watersc3@msu.edu
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Abstract

Biofilm-based infections are difficult to treat due to their inherent resistance to antibiotic treatment. Discovering new approaches to enhance antibiotic efficacy in biofilms would be highly significant in treating many chronic infections. Exposure to aminoglycosides induces adaptive resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Adaptive resistance is primarily the result of active antibiotic export by RND-type efflux pumps, which use the proton motive force as an energy source. We show that the protonophore uncoupler triclosan depletes the membrane potential of biofilm growing P. aeruginosa, leading to decreased activity of RND-type efflux pumps. This disruption results in increased intracellular accumulation of tobramycin and enhanced antimicrobial activity in vitro. In addition, we show that triclosan enhances tobramycin effectiveness in vivo using a mouse wound model. Combining triclosan with tobramycin is a new anti-biofilm strategy that targets bacterial energetics, increasing the susceptibility of P. aeruginosa biofilms to aminoglycosides.

Author summary Adaptive resistance is a phenotypic response that allows P. aeruginosa to transiently survive aminoglycosides such as tobramycin. To date, few compounds have been identified that target adaptive resistance. Here, we show the protonophore uncoupler triclosan disrupts the membrane potential of P. aeruginosa. The depletion of the membrane potential reduces efflux pump activity, which is essential for adaptive resistance, leading to increased tobramycin accumulation and a shorter onset of action. Our results demonstrate that in addition to its canonical mechanism inhibiting membrane biosynthesis, triclosan can exert antibacterial properties by functioning as a protonophore that targets P. aeruginosa energetics.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Footnotes

  • A revised version of the manuscript is being uploaded to clarify one sentence in the discussion that was incorrect.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.
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Posted April 14, 2020.
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Triclosan depletes the membrane potential in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms inhibiting aminoglycoside induced adaptive resistance
Michael M. Maiden, Christopher M. Waters
bioRxiv 2020.04.09.034033; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.09.034033
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Triclosan depletes the membrane potential in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms inhibiting aminoglycoside induced adaptive resistance
Michael M. Maiden, Christopher M. Waters
bioRxiv 2020.04.09.034033; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.09.034033

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