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Independent apical and basal mechanical systems determine cell and tissue shape in the Drosophila wing disc

View ORCID ProfileAmarendra Badugu, Andres Käch
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.10.036152
Amarendra Badugu
1Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
3Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard, 3 Blackfan Cir, Boston, MA 02115
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  • ORCID record for Amarendra Badugu
  • For correspondence: amarendra.badugu@wyss.harvard.edu
Andres Käch
2Center for Microscopy and Image Analysis, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract

How cell shape and mechanics are organized in three dimensions during tissue morphogenesis is poorly understood. In the Drosophila wing imaginal disc, we examined the mechanical processes that determine the shape of epithelial cells. Since it has been known that basement membrane influences the mechanics intracellularly, we reexamined the material properties of the basement membrane with fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy in its native environment. Further, we investigated the effect on cell shape and tissue mechanics when disruptions were instigated at three different time scales: (1) short (seconds with laser cutting), (2) medium (minutes with drug treatments), and (3) long (days with RNAi interference). We found regions in which the basement membrane is much thicker and heterogeneous than previously reported. Disrupting the actin cytoskeleton through drug treatment affects cell shape only at the apical surface, while the shapes in the medial and basal surfaces were not altered. In contrast, when integrin function was inhibited via RNAi or basement membrane integrity was disrupted by drug treatment, the medial and basal cell shapes were affected. We propose that basement membrane thickness patterns determine the height and basal surface area of cells and the curvature of folds in the wing disc. Based on these findings and previous studies, we propose a model of how cell shapes and tissue properties were determined by highly local, modular apical and basal mechanics.

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Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Footnotes

  • Added Missing data. Revised and updated multiple sections. Added two supplementary figures and 3 tables. Updated Figures.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted April 19, 2020.
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Independent apical and basal mechanical systems determine cell and tissue shape in the Drosophila wing disc
Amarendra Badugu, Andres Käch
bioRxiv 2020.04.10.036152; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.10.036152
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Independent apical and basal mechanical systems determine cell and tissue shape in the Drosophila wing disc
Amarendra Badugu, Andres Käch
bioRxiv 2020.04.10.036152; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.10.036152

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