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Aligned and Conductive 3D Collagen Scaffolds for Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering

Ivan M. Basurto, Mark T. Mora, Gregg M. Gardner, George J. Christ, View ORCID ProfileSteven R. Caliari
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.18.048017
Ivan M. Basurto
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia
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Mark T. Mora
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia
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Gregg M. Gardner
2Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia
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George J. Christ
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia
3Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Virginia
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Steven R. Caliari
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia
2Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia
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  • ORCID record for Steven R. Caliari
  • For correspondence: caliari@virginia.edu
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Abstract

Skeletal muscle is characterized by its three-dimensional (3D) anisotropic architecture composed of highly aligned, organized, and electrically excitable muscle fibers that enable normal locomotion. Biomaterial-based tissue engineering approaches to repair skeletal muscle injuries are limited due to difficulties in combining 3D structural alignment (to guide cell/matrix organization) and electrical conductivity (to enable electrically excitable myotube assembly and maturation). In this work we successfully produced aligned and electrically conductive 3D collagen scaffolds using a freeze-drying approach. Conductive polypyrrole (PPy) microparticles were synthesized and directly mixed into a suspension of type I collagen and chondroitin sulfate followed by directional lyophilization. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and confocal microscopy analyses showed that directional solidification resulted in scaffolds with longitudinally aligned macropores (transverse plane: 155 ± 27 µm, longitudinal plane: 218 ± 49 µm) with homogeneously-distributed PPy content. Chronopotentiometry verified that PPy incorporation resulted in a five-fold increase in conductivity when compared to non-PPy containing collagen scaffolds without detrimentally affecting C2C12 mouse myoblast metabolic activity. Furthermore, the aligned scaffold microstructure provided contact guidance cues that directed myoblast growth and organization. Incorporation of PPy also promoted enhanced myotube formation and maturation as measured by myosin heavy chain (MHC) expression and number of nuclei per myotube. Together these data suggest that aligned and conductive 3D collagen scaffolds could be useful for skeletal muscle tissue engineering.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY 4.0 International license.
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Posted April 18, 2020.
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Aligned and Conductive 3D Collagen Scaffolds for Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering
Ivan M. Basurto, Mark T. Mora, Gregg M. Gardner, George J. Christ, Steven R. Caliari
bioRxiv 2020.04.18.048017; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.18.048017
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Aligned and Conductive 3D Collagen Scaffolds for Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering
Ivan M. Basurto, Mark T. Mora, Gregg M. Gardner, George J. Christ, Steven R. Caliari
bioRxiv 2020.04.18.048017; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.18.048017

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