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Integrated analyses of single-cell atlases reveal age, gender, and smoking status associations with cell type-specific expression of mediators of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry and highlights inflammatory programs in putative target cells

Christoph Muus, Malte D. Luecken, Gokcen Eraslan, Avinash Waghray, Graham Heimberg, Lisa Sikkema, Yoshihiko Kobayashi, Eeshit Dhaval Vaishnav, Ayshwarya Subramanian, Christopher Smilie, Karthik Jagadeesh, Elizabeth Thu Duong, Evgenij Fiskin, Elena Torlai Triglia, Meshal Ansari, Peiwen Cai, Brian Lin, Justin Buchanan, Sijia Chen, Jian Shu, Adam L Haber, Hattie Chung, Daniel T Montoro, Taylor Adams, Hananeh Aliee, J. Samuel, Allon Zaneta Andrusivova, Ilias Angelidis, Orr Ashenberg, Kevin Bassler, Christophe Bécavin, Inbal Benhar, Joseph Bergenstråhle, Ludvig Bergenstråhle, Liam Bolt, Emelie Braun, Linh T Bui, Mark Chaffin, Evgeny Chichelnitskiy, Joshua Chiou, Thomas M Conlon, Michael S Cuoco, Marie Deprez, David S Fischer, Astrid Gillich, Joshua Gould, Minzhe Guo, Austin J Gutierrez, Arun C Habermann, Tyler Harvey, Peng He, Xiaomeng Hou, Lijuan Hu, Alok Jaiswal, Peiyong Jiang, Theodoros Kapellos, Christin S Kuo, Ludvig Larsson, Michael A. Leney-Greene Kyungtae Lim, Monika Litviňuková, Ji Lu, Henrike Maatz, Elo Madissoon, Lira Mamanova, Kasidet Manakongtreecheep, Charles-Hugo Marquette, Ian Mbano, Alexi Marie McAdams, Ross J Metzger, Ahmad N Nabhan, Sarah K. Nyquist, Jose Ordovas-Montanes, Lolita Penland, Olivier B Poirion, Sergio Poli, CanCan Qi, Daniel Reichart, Ivan Rosas, Jonas Schupp, Rahul Sinha, Rene V Sit, Kamil Slowikowski, Michal Slyper, Neal Smith, Alex Sountoulidis, Maximilian Strunz, Dawei Sun, Carlos Talavera-López, Peng Tan, Jessica Tantivit, Kyle J Travaglini, Nathan R. Tucker, Katherine Vernon, Marc H. Wadsworth, Julia Waldmann, Xiuting Wang, Wenjun Yan, William Zhao, Carly G. K. Ziegler, The NHLBI LungMAP Consortium, and The Human Cell Atlas Lung Biological Network
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.19.049254
Christoph Muus
1Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
2John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
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Malte D. Luecken
3Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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Gokcen Eraslan
1Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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Avinash Waghray
5Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
6Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Graham Heimberg
1Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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Lisa Sikkema
3Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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Yoshihiko Kobayashi
7Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Eeshit Dhaval Vaishnav
8Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
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Ayshwarya Subramanian
1Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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Christopher Smilie
1Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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Karthik Jagadeesh
1Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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Elizabeth Thu Duong
9University of California San Diego
10Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine
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Evgenij Fiskin
1Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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Elena Torlai Triglia
1Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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Meshal Ansari
11Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) / Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
12Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
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Peiwen Cai
13Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicineat Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Brian Lin
14Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital,Boston, MA, USA
6Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Justin Buchanan
15Center for Epigenomics, University of California-San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093
16Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California-San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093
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Sijia Chen
17Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Jian Shu
18Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
19Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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Adam L Haber
20Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA
1Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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Hattie Chung
1Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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Daniel T Montoro
1Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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Taylor Adams
21Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine
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Hananeh Aliee
3Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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J. Samuel
22Institute for Medical Engineering and Science & Department of Chemistry, MIT; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
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Allon Zaneta Andrusivova
23SciLifeLab, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology
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Ilias Angelidis
11Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) / Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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Orr Ashenberg
1Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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Kevin Bassler
24Department for Genomics & Immunoregulation, LIMES-Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Christophe Bécavin
25Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Sophia-Antipolis, 06560, France
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Inbal Benhar
26Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
27Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
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Joseph Bergenstråhle
23SciLifeLab, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology
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Ludvig Bergenstråhle
23SciLifeLab, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology
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Liam Bolt
28Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
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Emelie Braun
29Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute
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Linh T Bui
30Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ
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Mark Chaffin
31Precision Cardiology Laboratory, The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
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Evgeny Chichelnitskiy
32Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, MHH, Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany, phone +40 511 532 9745; fax +40 511 532 8090; German Center for Infectious Diseases DZIF, TTU-IICH 07.801
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Joshua Chiou
33Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093
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Thomas M Conlon
11Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) / Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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Michael S Cuoco
1Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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Marie Deprez
25Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Sophia-Antipolis, 06560, France
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David S Fischer
3Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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Astrid Gillich
34Department of Biochemistry and Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease
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Joshua Gould
1Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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Minzhe Guo
35Divisions of Pulmonary Biology; Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
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Austin J Gutierrez
30Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ
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Arun C Habermann
36Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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Tyler Harvey
1Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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Peng He
28Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
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Xiaomeng Hou
15Center for Epigenomics, University of California-San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093
17Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Lijuan Hu
29Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute
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Alok Jaiswal
1Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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Peiyong Jiang
37Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Theodoros Kapellos
24Department for Genomics & Immunoregulation, LIMES-Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Christin S Kuo
34Department of Biochemistry and Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease
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Ludvig Larsson
23SciLifeLab, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology
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Michael A. Leney-Greene Kyungtae Lim
1Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
38Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
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Monika Litviňuková
39Cellular Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
40Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
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Ji Lu
37Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Henrike Maatz
40Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
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Elo Madissoon
28Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
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Lira Mamanova
28Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
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Kasidet Manakongtreecheep
41Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
42Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
43Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Charles-Hugo Marquette
44Université Côte d’Azur, CHU de Nice, FHU OncoAge, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN team 3, Pulmonology Department, Nice, 06000, France
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Ian Mbano
45Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
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Alexi Marie McAdams
46Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA 02114
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Ross J Metzger
34Department of Biochemistry and Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease
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Ahmad N Nabhan
34Department of Biochemistry and Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease
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Sarah K. Nyquist
47Computational and Systems Biology, CSAIL, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science & Department of Chemistry, MIT; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
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Jose Ordovas-Montanes
48Division of Gastroenterology Boston Children’s Hospital; Program in Immunology Harvard Medical School; Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
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Lolita Penland
34Department of Biochemistry and Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease
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Olivier B Poirion
15Center for Epigenomics, University of California-San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093
16Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California-San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093
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Sergio Poli
21Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine
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CanCan Qi
49Dept. of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
50GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Daniel Reichart
51Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
52Department of Cardiology, University Heart&Vascular Center, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Ivan Rosas
21Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine
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Jonas Schupp
21Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine
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Rahul Sinha
34Department of Biochemistry and Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease
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Rene V Sit
34Department of Biochemistry and Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease
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Kamil Slowikowski
41Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
42Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
43Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Michal Slyper
1Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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Neal Smith
41Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
42Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
43Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Alex Sountoulidis
53Stockholm University, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute
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Maximilian Strunz
11Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) / Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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Dawei Sun
38Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
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Carlos Talavera-López
39Cellular Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
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Peng Tan
1Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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Jessica Tantivit
41Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
42Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
43Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Kyle J Travaglini
34Department of Biochemistry and Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease
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Nathan R. Tucker
31Precision Cardiology Laboratory, The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
54Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, NY, USA 13501
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Katherine Vernon
55Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
18Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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Marc H. Wadsworth
56Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Department of Chemistry & Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
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Julia Waldmann
1Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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Xiuting Wang
13Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicineat Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Wenjun Yan
26Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
27Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
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William Zhao
13Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicineat Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Carly G. K. Ziegler
57Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard
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  • For correspondence: lung@humancellatlas.org hca@humancellatlas.org
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ABSTRACT

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, creates an urgent need for identifying molecular mechanisms that mediate viral entry, propagation, and tissue pathology. Cell membrane bound angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and associated proteases, transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and Cathepsin L (CTSL), were previously identified as mediators of SARS-CoV2 cellular entry. Here, we assess the cell type-specific RNA expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2, and CTSL through an integrated analysis of 107 single-cell and single-nucleus RNA-Seq studies, including 22 lung and airways datasets (16 unpublished), and 85 datasets from other diverse organs. Joint expression of ACE2 and the accessory proteases identifies specific subsets of respiratory epithelial cells as putative targets of viral infection in the nasal passages, airways, and alveoli. Cells that co-express ACE2 and proteases are also identified in cells from other organs, some of which have been associated with COVID-19 transmission or pathology, including gut enterocytes, corneal epithelial cells, cardiomyocytes, heart pericytes, olfactory sustentacular cells, and renal epithelial cells. Performing the first meta-analyses of scRNA-seq studies, we analyzed 1,176,683 cells from 282 nasal, airway, and lung parenchyma samples from 164 donors spanning fetal, childhood, adult, and elderly age groups, associate increased levels of ACE2, TMPRSS2, and CTSL in specific cell types with increasing age, male gender, and smoking, all of which are epidemiologically linked to COVID-19 susceptibility and outcomes. Notably, there was a particularly low expression of ACE2 in the few young pediatric samples in the analysis. Further analysis reveals a gene expression program shared by ACE2+TMPRSS2+ cells in nasal, lung and gut tissues, including genes that may mediate viral entry, subtend key immune functions, and mediate epithelial-macrophage cross-talk. Amongst these are IL6, its receptor and co-receptor, IL1R, TNF response pathways, and complement genes. Cell type specificity in the lung and airways and smoking effects were conserved in mice. Our analyses suggest that differences in the cell type-specific expression of mediators of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry may be responsible for aspects of COVID-19 epidemiology and clinical course, and point to putative molecular pathways involved in disease susceptibility and pathogenesis.

Competing Interest Statement

N.K. was a consultant to Biogen Idec, Boehringer Ingelheim, Third Rock, Pliant, Samumed, NuMedii, Indaloo, Theravance, LifeMax, Three Lake Partners, Optikira and received non-financial support from MiRagen. All of these outside the work reported. J.L. is a scientific consultant for 10X Genomics Inc A.R. is a co-founder and equity holder of Celsius Therapeutics, an equity holder in Immunitas, and an SAB member of ThermoFisher Scientific, Syros Pharmaceuticals, Asimov, and Neogene Therapeutics O.R.R., is a co-inventor on patent applications filed by the Broad Institute to inventions relating to single cell genomics applications, such as in PCT/US2018/060860 and US Provisional Application No. 62/745,259. A.K.S. compensation for consulting and SAB membership from Honeycomb Biotechnologies, Cellarity, Cogen Therapeutics, Orche Bio, and Dahlia Biosciences. S.A.T. was a consultant at Genentech, Biogen and Roche in the last three years. F.J.T. reports receiving consulting fees from Roche Diagnostics GmbH, and ownership interest in Cellarity Inc. L.V. is funder of Definigen and Bilitech two biotech companies using hPSCs and organoid for disease modelling and cell based therapy.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted April 20, 2020.
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Integrated analyses of single-cell atlases reveal age, gender, and smoking status associations with cell type-specific expression of mediators of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry and highlights inflammatory programs in putative target cells
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Integrated analyses of single-cell atlases reveal age, gender, and smoking status associations with cell type-specific expression of mediators of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry and highlights inflammatory programs in putative target cells
Christoph Muus, Malte D. Luecken, Gokcen Eraslan, Avinash Waghray, Graham Heimberg, Lisa Sikkema, Yoshihiko Kobayashi, Eeshit Dhaval Vaishnav, Ayshwarya Subramanian, Christopher Smilie, Karthik Jagadeesh, Elizabeth Thu Duong, Evgenij Fiskin, Elena Torlai Triglia, Meshal Ansari, Peiwen Cai, Brian Lin, Justin Buchanan, Sijia Chen, Jian Shu, Adam L Haber, Hattie Chung, Daniel T Montoro, Taylor Adams, Hananeh Aliee, J. Samuel, Allon Zaneta Andrusivova, Ilias Angelidis, Orr Ashenberg, Kevin Bassler, Christophe Bécavin, Inbal Benhar, Joseph Bergenstråhle, Ludvig Bergenstråhle, Liam Bolt, Emelie Braun, Linh T Bui, Mark Chaffin, Evgeny Chichelnitskiy, Joshua Chiou, Thomas M Conlon, Michael S Cuoco, Marie Deprez, David S Fischer, Astrid Gillich, Joshua Gould, Minzhe Guo, Austin J Gutierrez, Arun C Habermann, Tyler Harvey, Peng He, Xiaomeng Hou, Lijuan Hu, Alok Jaiswal, Peiyong Jiang, Theodoros Kapellos, Christin S Kuo, Ludvig Larsson, Michael A. Leney-Greene Kyungtae Lim, Monika Litviňuková, Ji Lu, Henrike Maatz, Elo Madissoon, Lira Mamanova, Kasidet Manakongtreecheep, Charles-Hugo Marquette, Ian Mbano, Alexi Marie McAdams, Ross J Metzger, Ahmad N Nabhan, Sarah K. Nyquist, Jose Ordovas-Montanes, Lolita Penland, Olivier B Poirion, Sergio Poli, CanCan Qi, Daniel Reichart, Ivan Rosas, Jonas Schupp, Rahul Sinha, Rene V Sit, Kamil Slowikowski, Michal Slyper, Neal Smith, Alex Sountoulidis, Maximilian Strunz, Dawei Sun, Carlos Talavera-López, Peng Tan, Jessica Tantivit, Kyle J Travaglini, Nathan R. Tucker, Katherine Vernon, Marc H. Wadsworth, Julia Waldmann, Xiuting Wang, Wenjun Yan, William Zhao, Carly G. K. Ziegler, The NHLBI LungMAP Consortium, and The Human Cell Atlas Lung Biological Network
bioRxiv 2020.04.19.049254; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.19.049254
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Integrated analyses of single-cell atlases reveal age, gender, and smoking status associations with cell type-specific expression of mediators of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry and highlights inflammatory programs in putative target cells
Christoph Muus, Malte D. Luecken, Gokcen Eraslan, Avinash Waghray, Graham Heimberg, Lisa Sikkema, Yoshihiko Kobayashi, Eeshit Dhaval Vaishnav, Ayshwarya Subramanian, Christopher Smilie, Karthik Jagadeesh, Elizabeth Thu Duong, Evgenij Fiskin, Elena Torlai Triglia, Meshal Ansari, Peiwen Cai, Brian Lin, Justin Buchanan, Sijia Chen, Jian Shu, Adam L Haber, Hattie Chung, Daniel T Montoro, Taylor Adams, Hananeh Aliee, J. Samuel, Allon Zaneta Andrusivova, Ilias Angelidis, Orr Ashenberg, Kevin Bassler, Christophe Bécavin, Inbal Benhar, Joseph Bergenstråhle, Ludvig Bergenstråhle, Liam Bolt, Emelie Braun, Linh T Bui, Mark Chaffin, Evgeny Chichelnitskiy, Joshua Chiou, Thomas M Conlon, Michael S Cuoco, Marie Deprez, David S Fischer, Astrid Gillich, Joshua Gould, Minzhe Guo, Austin J Gutierrez, Arun C Habermann, Tyler Harvey, Peng He, Xiaomeng Hou, Lijuan Hu, Alok Jaiswal, Peiyong Jiang, Theodoros Kapellos, Christin S Kuo, Ludvig Larsson, Michael A. Leney-Greene Kyungtae Lim, Monika Litviňuková, Ji Lu, Henrike Maatz, Elo Madissoon, Lira Mamanova, Kasidet Manakongtreecheep, Charles-Hugo Marquette, Ian Mbano, Alexi Marie McAdams, Ross J Metzger, Ahmad N Nabhan, Sarah K. Nyquist, Jose Ordovas-Montanes, Lolita Penland, Olivier B Poirion, Sergio Poli, CanCan Qi, Daniel Reichart, Ivan Rosas, Jonas Schupp, Rahul Sinha, Rene V Sit, Kamil Slowikowski, Michal Slyper, Neal Smith, Alex Sountoulidis, Maximilian Strunz, Dawei Sun, Carlos Talavera-López, Peng Tan, Jessica Tantivit, Kyle J Travaglini, Nathan R. Tucker, Katherine Vernon, Marc H. Wadsworth, Julia Waldmann, Xiuting Wang, Wenjun Yan, William Zhao, Carly G. K. Ziegler, The NHLBI LungMAP Consortium, and The Human Cell Atlas Lung Biological Network
bioRxiv 2020.04.19.049254; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.19.049254

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