New Results
Integrated analyses of single-cell atlases reveal age, gender, and smoking status associations with cell type-specific expression of mediators of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry and highlights inflammatory programs in putative target cells
Christoph Muus, Malte D. Luecken, Gokcen Eraslan, Avinash Waghray, Graham Heimberg, Lisa Sikkema, Yoshihiko Kobayashi, Eeshit Dhaval Vaishnav, Ayshwarya Subramanian, Christopher Smilie, Karthik Jagadeesh, Elizabeth Thu Duong, Evgenij Fiskin, Elena Torlai Triglia, Meshal Ansari, Peiwen Cai, Brian Lin, Justin Buchanan, Sijia Chen, Jian Shu, Adam L Haber, Hattie Chung, Daniel T Montoro, Taylor Adams, Hananeh Aliee, J. Samuel, Allon Zaneta Andrusivova, Ilias Angelidis, Orr Ashenberg, Kevin Bassler, Christophe Bécavin, Inbal Benhar, Joseph Bergenstråhle, Ludvig Bergenstråhle, Liam Bolt, Emelie Braun, Linh T Bui, Mark Chaffin, Evgeny Chichelnitskiy, Joshua Chiou, Thomas M Conlon, Michael S Cuoco, Marie Deprez, David S Fischer, Astrid Gillich, Joshua Gould, Minzhe Guo, Austin J Gutierrez, Arun C Habermann, Tyler Harvey, Peng He, Xiaomeng Hou, Lijuan Hu, Alok Jaiswal, Peiyong Jiang, Theodoros Kapellos, Christin S Kuo, Ludvig Larsson, Michael A. Leney-Greene, Kyungtae Lim, Monika Litviňuková, Ji Lu, Leif S Ludwig, Wendy Luo, Henrike Maatz, Elo Madissoon, Lira Mamanova, Kasidet Manakongtreecheep, Charles-Hugo Marquette, Ian Mbano, Alexi Marie McAdams, Ross J Metzger, Ahmad N Nabhan, Sarah K. Nyquist, Lolita Penland, Olivier B Poirion, Sergio Poli, CanCan Qi, Rachel Queen, Daniel Reichart, Ivan Rosas, Jonas Schupp, Rahul Sinha, Rene V Sit, Kamil Slowikowski, Michal Slyper, Neal Smith, Alex Sountoulidis, Maximilian Strunz, Dawei Sun, Carlos Talavera-López, Peng Tan, Jessica Tantivit, Kyle J Travaglini, Nathan R. Tucker, Katherine Vernon, Marc H. Wadsworth, Julia Waldman, Xiuting Wang, Wenjun Yan, William Zhao, Carly G. K. Ziegler, The NHLBI LungMAP Consortium, The Human Cell Atlas Lung Biological Network
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.19.049254
Christoph Muus
1Broad Institute
Malte D. Luecken
2Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Munich, Germany
Gokcen Eraslan
3Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
Avinash Waghray
4Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, M
Graham Heimberg
3Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
Lisa Sikkema
2Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Munich, Germany
Yoshihiko Kobayashi
5Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA
Eeshit Dhaval Vaishnav
6Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
Ayshwarya Subramanian
3Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
Christopher Smilie
3Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
Karthik Jagadeesh
3Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
Elizabeth Thu Duong
7University of California San Diego Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine
Evgenij Fiskin
3Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
Elena Torlai Triglia
8Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
9Universite Cote dAzur, CNRS, IPMC, Sophia-Antipolis, 06560, France
Meshal Ansari
10Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) / Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD), Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany; Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Munich, G
Peiwen Cai
11Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicineat Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
Brian Lin
12Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
Justin Buchanan
13Center for Epigenomics, University of California-San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093. Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California-San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093
Sijia Chen
14Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Jian Shu
15Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
Adam L Haber
16Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
Hattie Chung
3Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
Daniel T Montoro
8Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
Taylor Adams
17Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine
Hananeh Aliee
18Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
J. Samuel
19Institute for Medical Engineering and Science & Department of Chemistry, MIT; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
Allon Zaneta Andrusivova
20SciLifeLab, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Ilias Angelidis
21Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) / Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD), Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
Orr Ashenberg
3Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
Kevin Bassler
22Department for Genomics & Immunoregulation, LIMES-Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
Christophe Bécavin
23Universite Cote d’Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Sophia-Antipolis, 06560, France
Inbal Benhar
24Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
Joseph Bergenstråhle
20SciLifeLab, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Ludvig Bergenstråhle
20SciLifeLab, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Liam Bolt
25Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
Emelie Braun
26Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute
Linh T Bui
27Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ
Mark Chaffin
28Precision Cardiology Laboratory, The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
Evgeny Chichelnitskiy
29Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, MHH, Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany, phone +40 511 532 9745; fax +40 511 532 8090; German Center for Infectious Diseases DZIF, TTU-IICH 07.801
Joshua Chiou
30Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093
Thomas M Conlon
21Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) / Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD), Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
Michael S Cuoco
3Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
Marie Deprez
9Universite Cote dAzur, CNRS, IPMC, Sophia-Antipolis, 06560, France
David S Fischer
2Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Munich, Germany
Astrid Gillich
31Department of Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
Joshua Gould
3Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
Minzhe Guo
32Divisions of Pulmonary Biology; Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
Austin J Gutierrez
27Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ
Arun C Habermann
33Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
Tyler Harvey
3Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
Peng He
25Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
Xiaomeng Hou
13Center for Epigenomics, University of California-San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093. Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California-San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093
Lijuan Hu
26Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute
Alok Jaiswal
3Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
Peiyong Jiang
34Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
Theodoros Kapellos
22Department for Genomics & Immunoregulation, LIMES-Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
Christin S Kuo
35Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
Ludvig Larsson
20SciLifeLab, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Michael A. Leney-Greene
3Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
Kyungtae Lim
36Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
Monika Litviňuková
37Cellular Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom.; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin
Ji Lu
34Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
Leif S Ludwig
38Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA Division of Hematology / Oncology, Boston Childrens Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
Wendy Luo
3Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
Henrike Maatz
39Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
Elo Madissoon
25Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
Lira Mamanova
25Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
Kasidet Manakongtreecheep
40Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
Charles-Hugo Marquette
41Universite Cote d’Azur, CHU de Nice, FHU OncoAge, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN team 3, Pulmonology Department, Nice, 06000, France
Ian Mbano
42Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
Alexi Marie McAdams
43Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA 02114
Ross J Metzger
44Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
Ahmad N Nabhan
31Department of Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
Sarah K. Nyquist
45Computational and Systems Biology, CSAIL, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science & Department of Chemistry, MIT; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
Lolita Penland
47Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Olivier B Poirion
13Center for Epigenomics, University of California-San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093. Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California-San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093
Sergio Poli
48Division of Internal Medicine - Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL
CanCan Qi
49Dept. of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Beatrix Childrens Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen
Rachel Queen
46Division of Gastroenterology Boston Childrens Hospital; Program in Immunology Harvard Medical School; Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
Daniel Reichart
50Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.; Department of Cardiology, University Heart&Vascular Center, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Ivan Rosas
17Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine
Jonas Schupp
17Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine
Rahul Sinha
51Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
Rene V Sit
47Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Kamil Slowikowski
52Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, U
Michal Slyper
3Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
Neal Smith
52Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, U
Alex Sountoulidis
53Stockholm University, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute
Maximilian Strunz
21Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) / Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD), Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
Dawei Sun
36Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
Carlos Talavera-López
54Cellular Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
Peng Tan
3Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
Jessica Tantivit
40Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
Kyle J Travaglini
31Department of Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
Nathan R. Tucker
55Precision Cardiology Laboratory, The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA 02142 Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, NY, USA 13501
Katherine Vernon
56Department of Medicine, Brigham and Womens Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
Marc H. Wadsworth
57Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Department of Chemistry & Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
Julia Waldman
3Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
Xiuting Wang
11Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicineat Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
Wenjun Yan
58Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
William Zhao
11Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicineat Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
Carly G. K. Ziegler
59Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard
60MIT and Broad Inst. of MIT & Harvard
60MIT and Broad Inst. of MIT & Harvard
- For correspondence: lung@humancellatlas.org hca@humancellatlas.org
Posted April 21, 2020.
Integrated analyses of single-cell atlases reveal age, gender, and smoking status associations with cell type-specific expression of mediators of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry and highlights inflammatory programs in putative target cells
Christoph Muus, Malte D. Luecken, Gokcen Eraslan, Avinash Waghray, Graham Heimberg, Lisa Sikkema, Yoshihiko Kobayashi, Eeshit Dhaval Vaishnav, Ayshwarya Subramanian, Christopher Smilie, Karthik Jagadeesh, Elizabeth Thu Duong, Evgenij Fiskin, Elena Torlai Triglia, Meshal Ansari, Peiwen Cai, Brian Lin, Justin Buchanan, Sijia Chen, Jian Shu, Adam L Haber, Hattie Chung, Daniel T Montoro, Taylor Adams, Hananeh Aliee, J. Samuel, Allon Zaneta Andrusivova, Ilias Angelidis, Orr Ashenberg, Kevin Bassler, Christophe Bécavin, Inbal Benhar, Joseph Bergenstråhle, Ludvig Bergenstråhle, Liam Bolt, Emelie Braun, Linh T Bui, Mark Chaffin, Evgeny Chichelnitskiy, Joshua Chiou, Thomas M Conlon, Michael S Cuoco, Marie Deprez, David S Fischer, Astrid Gillich, Joshua Gould, Minzhe Guo, Austin J Gutierrez, Arun C Habermann, Tyler Harvey, Peng He, Xiaomeng Hou, Lijuan Hu, Alok Jaiswal, Peiyong Jiang, Theodoros Kapellos, Christin S Kuo, Ludvig Larsson, Michael A. Leney-Greene, Kyungtae Lim, Monika Litviňuková, Ji Lu, Leif S Ludwig, Wendy Luo, Henrike Maatz, Elo Madissoon, Lira Mamanova, Kasidet Manakongtreecheep, Charles-Hugo Marquette, Ian Mbano, Alexi Marie McAdams, Ross J Metzger, Ahmad N Nabhan, Sarah K. Nyquist, Lolita Penland, Olivier B Poirion, Sergio Poli, CanCan Qi, Rachel Queen, Daniel Reichart, Ivan Rosas, Jonas Schupp, Rahul Sinha, Rene V Sit, Kamil Slowikowski, Michal Slyper, Neal Smith, Alex Sountoulidis, Maximilian Strunz, Dawei Sun, Carlos Talavera-López, Peng Tan, Jessica Tantivit, Kyle J Travaglini, Nathan R. Tucker, Katherine Vernon, Marc H. Wadsworth, Julia Waldman, Xiuting Wang, Wenjun Yan, William Zhao, Carly G. K. Ziegler, The NHLBI LungMAP Consortium, The Human Cell Atlas Lung Biological Network
bioRxiv 2020.04.19.049254; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.19.049254
Integrated analyses of single-cell atlases reveal age, gender, and smoking status associations with cell type-specific expression of mediators of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry and highlights inflammatory programs in putative target cells
Christoph Muus, Malte D. Luecken, Gokcen Eraslan, Avinash Waghray, Graham Heimberg, Lisa Sikkema, Yoshihiko Kobayashi, Eeshit Dhaval Vaishnav, Ayshwarya Subramanian, Christopher Smilie, Karthik Jagadeesh, Elizabeth Thu Duong, Evgenij Fiskin, Elena Torlai Triglia, Meshal Ansari, Peiwen Cai, Brian Lin, Justin Buchanan, Sijia Chen, Jian Shu, Adam L Haber, Hattie Chung, Daniel T Montoro, Taylor Adams, Hananeh Aliee, J. Samuel, Allon Zaneta Andrusivova, Ilias Angelidis, Orr Ashenberg, Kevin Bassler, Christophe Bécavin, Inbal Benhar, Joseph Bergenstråhle, Ludvig Bergenstråhle, Liam Bolt, Emelie Braun, Linh T Bui, Mark Chaffin, Evgeny Chichelnitskiy, Joshua Chiou, Thomas M Conlon, Michael S Cuoco, Marie Deprez, David S Fischer, Astrid Gillich, Joshua Gould, Minzhe Guo, Austin J Gutierrez, Arun C Habermann, Tyler Harvey, Peng He, Xiaomeng Hou, Lijuan Hu, Alok Jaiswal, Peiyong Jiang, Theodoros Kapellos, Christin S Kuo, Ludvig Larsson, Michael A. Leney-Greene, Kyungtae Lim, Monika Litviňuková, Ji Lu, Leif S Ludwig, Wendy Luo, Henrike Maatz, Elo Madissoon, Lira Mamanova, Kasidet Manakongtreecheep, Charles-Hugo Marquette, Ian Mbano, Alexi Marie McAdams, Ross J Metzger, Ahmad N Nabhan, Sarah K. Nyquist, Lolita Penland, Olivier B Poirion, Sergio Poli, CanCan Qi, Rachel Queen, Daniel Reichart, Ivan Rosas, Jonas Schupp, Rahul Sinha, Rene V Sit, Kamil Slowikowski, Michal Slyper, Neal Smith, Alex Sountoulidis, Maximilian Strunz, Dawei Sun, Carlos Talavera-López, Peng Tan, Jessica Tantivit, Kyle J Travaglini, Nathan R. Tucker, Katherine Vernon, Marc H. Wadsworth, Julia Waldman, Xiuting Wang, Wenjun Yan, William Zhao, Carly G. K. Ziegler, The NHLBI LungMAP Consortium, The Human Cell Atlas Lung Biological Network
bioRxiv 2020.04.19.049254; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.19.049254
Subject Area
Subject Areas
- Biochemistry (11740)
- Bioengineering (8750)
- Bioinformatics (29189)
- Biophysics (14967)
- Cancer Biology (12093)
- Cell Biology (17410)
- Clinical Trials (138)
- Developmental Biology (9420)
- Ecology (14178)
- Epidemiology (2067)
- Evolutionary Biology (18301)
- Genetics (12239)
- Genomics (16797)
- Immunology (11865)
- Microbiology (28070)
- Molecular Biology (11583)
- Neuroscience (60953)
- Paleontology (451)
- Pathology (1870)
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (3238)
- Physiology (4957)
- Plant Biology (10425)
- Synthetic Biology (2884)
- Systems Biology (7338)
- Zoology (1651)