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Disparate temperature-dependent virus – host dynamics for SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV in the human respiratory epithelium

View ORCID ProfilePhilip V’kovski, Mitra Gultom, Silvio Steiner, Jenna Kelly, Julie Russeil, View ORCID ProfileBastien Mangeat, Elisa Cora, View ORCID ProfileJoern Pezoldt, View ORCID ProfileMelle Holwerda, View ORCID ProfileAnnika Kratzel, Laura Laloli, Manon Wider, Jasmine Portmann, Thao Tran, Nadine Ebert, Hanspeter Stalder, View ORCID ProfileRune Hartmann, View ORCID ProfileVincent Gardeux, Daniel Alpern, View ORCID ProfileBart Deplancke, View ORCID ProfileVolker Thiel, View ORCID ProfileRonald Dijkman
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.27.062315
Philip V’kovski
1Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland
2Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Mitra Gultom
1Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland
2Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
3Graduate School for Biomedical Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
4Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Silvio Steiner
1Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland
2Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
3Graduate School for Biomedical Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Jenna Kelly
1Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland
2Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Julie Russeil
5Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Bastien Mangeat
6Gene Expression Core Facility (GECF), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Elisa Cora
6Gene Expression Core Facility (GECF), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Joern Pezoldt
5Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Melle Holwerda
1Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland
2Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
3Graduate School for Biomedical Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
4Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Annika Kratzel
1Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland
2Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
3Graduate School for Biomedical Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Laura Laloli
3Graduate School for Biomedical Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
4Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Manon Wider
4Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Jasmine Portmann
1Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland
2Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Thao Tran
1Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland
2Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
3Graduate School for Biomedical Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Nadine Ebert
1Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland
2Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Hanspeter Stalder
1Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland
2Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Rune Hartmann
7Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Vincent Gardeux
5Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
8Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Daniel Alpern
5Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
8Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Bart Deplancke
5Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
8Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Volker Thiel
1Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland
2Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Ronald Dijkman
1Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland
2Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
4Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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  • For correspondence: ronald.dijkman@ifik.unibe.ch
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Abstract

The human conductive respiratory tract spans a long anatomical distance and represents an important barrier to constrain invading respiratory pathogens. The disparate ambient temperatures found in the upper and lower respiratory tract have been demonstrated to influence the replication kinetics of common cold viruses as well as the associated host responses. Here, we employed the human airway epithelial cell (hAEC) culture model to investigate the impact of ambient temperatures found in the upper and lower respiratory tract, 33°C and 37°C, respectively, on the viral replication kinetics and host innate immune response dynamics during SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV infections. Strikingly, SARS-CoV-2, in contrast to SARS-CoV, replicated more efficiently at temperatures encountered in the upper respiratory tract, and displayed higher sensitivity to type I and type III IFNs than SARS-CoV. Time-resolved transcriptome analysis highlighted a temperature-dependent induction of IFN-mediated antiviral response, whose amplitude inversely correlated with the replication kinetic efficiencies of both SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV at temperatures found in the upper and lower respiratory tract. Altogether, these data reflect clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV and subsequently, their associated human-to-human transmission efficiencies. They provide crucial insights of the profound impact of ambient temperatures on viral replication and associated pivotal virus - host interaction dynamics. This knowledge can be exploited for the development of novel intervention strategies against SARS-CoV-2.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted April 27, 2020.
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Disparate temperature-dependent virus – host dynamics for SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV in the human respiratory epithelium
Philip V’kovski, Mitra Gultom, Silvio Steiner, Jenna Kelly, Julie Russeil, Bastien Mangeat, Elisa Cora, Joern Pezoldt, Melle Holwerda, Annika Kratzel, Laura Laloli, Manon Wider, Jasmine Portmann, Thao Tran, Nadine Ebert, Hanspeter Stalder, Rune Hartmann, Vincent Gardeux, Daniel Alpern, Bart Deplancke, Volker Thiel, Ronald Dijkman
bioRxiv 2020.04.27.062315; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.27.062315
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Disparate temperature-dependent virus – host dynamics for SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV in the human respiratory epithelium
Philip V’kovski, Mitra Gultom, Silvio Steiner, Jenna Kelly, Julie Russeil, Bastien Mangeat, Elisa Cora, Joern Pezoldt, Melle Holwerda, Annika Kratzel, Laura Laloli, Manon Wider, Jasmine Portmann, Thao Tran, Nadine Ebert, Hanspeter Stalder, Rune Hartmann, Vincent Gardeux, Daniel Alpern, Bart Deplancke, Volker Thiel, Ronald Dijkman
bioRxiv 2020.04.27.062315; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.27.062315

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