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Short-term responses to ocean acidification: effects on relative abundance of eukaryotic plankton from the tropical Timor Sea

View ORCID ProfileJanina Rahlff, View ORCID ProfileSahar Khodami, Lisa Voskuhl, View ORCID ProfileMatthew P. Humphreys, Christian Stolle, Pedro Martinez Arbizu, View ORCID ProfileOliver Wurl, View ORCID ProfileMariana Ribas-Ribas
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.30.068601
Janina Rahlff
1Center for Marine Sensors, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
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  • For correspondence: janina.rahlff@uol.de
Sahar Khodami
2Senckenberg am Meer, German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
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Lisa Voskuhl
3University of Duisburg-Essen, Department of Chemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology (EMB), 45141 Essen, Germany
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Matthew P. Humphreys
4NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Ocean Systems (OCS), and Utrecht University, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, the Netherlands
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Christian Stolle
1Center for Marine Sensors, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
5Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research (IOW), 18119 Rostock, Germany
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Pedro Martinez Arbizu
2Senckenberg am Meer, German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
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Oliver Wurl
1Center for Marine Sensors, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
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Mariana Ribas-Ribas
1Center for Marine Sensors, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
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ABSTRACT

Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions drive climate change and pose one of the major challenges of our century. The effects of increased CO2 in the form of ocean acidification (OA) on the communities of marine planktonic eukaryotes in tropical regions such as the Timor Sea are barely understood. Here, we show the effects of high CO2 (pCO2=1823±161 μatm, pHT=7.46±0.05) versus in situ CO2 (pCO2=504±42 μatm, pHT=7.95±0.04) seawater on the community composition of marine planktonic eukaryotes immediately and after 48 hours of treatment exposure in a shipboard microcosm experiment. Illumina sequencing of the V9 hypervariable region of 18S rRNA (gene) was used to study the eukaryotic community composition. Down-regulation of extracellular carbonic anhydrase occurred faster in the high CO2 treatment. Increased CO2 significantly suppressed the relative abundances of different eukaryotic operational taxonomic units (OTUs), including important primary producers. These effects were consistent between abundant (DNA-based) and active (cDNA-based) taxa after 48 hours, e.g., for the diatoms Trieres chinensis and Stephanopyxis turris. Effects were also very species-specific among different diatoms. Planktonic eukaryotes showed adaptation to the CO2 treatment over time, but many OTUs were adversely affected by decreasing pH. OA effects might fundamentally impact the base of marine biodiversity, suggesting profound outcomes for food web functioning in the future ocean.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted May 03, 2020.
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Short-term responses to ocean acidification: effects on relative abundance of eukaryotic plankton from the tropical Timor Sea
Janina Rahlff, Sahar Khodami, Lisa Voskuhl, Matthew P. Humphreys, Christian Stolle, Pedro Martinez Arbizu, Oliver Wurl, Mariana Ribas-Ribas
bioRxiv 2020.04.30.068601; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.30.068601
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Short-term responses to ocean acidification: effects on relative abundance of eukaryotic plankton from the tropical Timor Sea
Janina Rahlff, Sahar Khodami, Lisa Voskuhl, Matthew P. Humphreys, Christian Stolle, Pedro Martinez Arbizu, Oliver Wurl, Mariana Ribas-Ribas
bioRxiv 2020.04.30.068601; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.30.068601

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