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Mapping Cognitive Brain Functions at Scale

View ORCID ProfilePragathi Priyadharsini Balasubramani, Alejandro Ojeda, Gillian Grennan, Vojislav Maric, Hortense Le, Fahad Alim, Mariam Zafar-Khan, Juan Diaz-Delgado, Sarita Silveira, Dhakshin Ramanathan, Jyoti Mishra
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.14.097014
Pragathi Priyadharsini Balasubramani
1Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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  • ORCID record for Pragathi Priyadharsini Balasubramani
  • For correspondence: pbalasubramani@health.ucsd.edu jymishra@health.ucsd.edu
Alejandro Ojeda
1Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Gillian Grennan
1Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Vojislav Maric
1Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Hortense Le
1Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Fahad Alim
1Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Mariam Zafar-Khan
1Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Juan Diaz-Delgado
1Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Sarita Silveira
1Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Dhakshin Ramanathan
1Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
2Department of Mental Health, VA San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA
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Jyoti Mishra
1Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Abstract

A fundamental set of cognitive abilities enable humans to efficiently process goal-relevant information, suppress irrelevant distractions, maintain information in working memory, and act flexibly in different behavioral contexts. Yet, studies of human cognition and their underlying neural mechanisms usually evaluate these cognitive constructs in silos, instead of comprehensively in-tandem within the same individual. Here, we developed a scalable, mobile platform, “BrainE” (short for Brain Engagement), to rapidly assay several essential aspects of cognition simultaneous with wireless electroencephalography (EEG) recordings. Using BrainE, we rapidly assessed five aspects of cognition including (1) selective attention, (2) response inhibition, (3) working memory, (4) flanker interference and (5) emotion interference processing, in 102 healthy young adults. We evaluated stimulus encoding in all tasks using the EEG neural recordings, and isolated the cortical sources of the spectrotemporal EEG dynamics. Additionally, we used BrainE in a two-visit study in 24 young adults to investigate the reliability of the neuro-cognitive data as well as its plasticity to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). We found that stimulus encoding on multiple cognitive tasks could be rapidly assessed, identifying common as well as distinct task processes in both sensory and cognitive control brain regions. Event related synchronization (ERS) in the theta (3-7 Hz) and alpha (8-12 Hz) frequencies as well as event related desynchronization (ERD) in the beta frequencies (13-30 Hz) were distinctly observed in each task. The observed ERS/ERD effects were overall anticorrelated. The two-visit study confirmed high test-retest reliability for both cognitive and neural data, and neural responses showed specific TMS protocol driven modulation. We also show that the global cognitive neural responses are sensitive to mental health symptom self-reports. This first study with the BrainE platform showcases its utility in studying neuro-cognitive dynamics in a rapid and scalable fashion.

Highlights

  • Rapid and scalable EEG recordings reveal common and distinct cortical activations across five core cognitive tasks.

  • Data acquired across visits one-week-apart show high test-retest reliability for both cognitive and neural measurements.

  • Evoked neural responses during emotion interference processing demonstrate specific short-term plasticity driven by type of neurostimulation.

  • Cognitively evoked neural responses are sensitive to variations in mental health symptoms.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.
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Posted November 10, 2020.
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Mapping Cognitive Brain Functions at Scale
Pragathi Priyadharsini Balasubramani, Alejandro Ojeda, Gillian Grennan, Vojislav Maric, Hortense Le, Fahad Alim, Mariam Zafar-Khan, Juan Diaz-Delgado, Sarita Silveira, Dhakshin Ramanathan, Jyoti Mishra
bioRxiv 2020.05.14.097014; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.14.097014
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Mapping Cognitive Brain Functions at Scale
Pragathi Priyadharsini Balasubramani, Alejandro Ojeda, Gillian Grennan, Vojislav Maric, Hortense Le, Fahad Alim, Mariam Zafar-Khan, Juan Diaz-Delgado, Sarita Silveira, Dhakshin Ramanathan, Jyoti Mishra
bioRxiv 2020.05.14.097014; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.14.097014

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