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Population studies of the wild tomato species Solanum chilense reveal geographically structured major gene-mediated pathogen resistance

Parvinderdeep S. Kahlon, Shallet Mindih Seta, Gesche Zander, Daniela Scheikl, View ORCID ProfileRalph Hückelhoven, View ORCID ProfileMatthieu H. A. J. Joosten, View ORCID ProfileRemco Stam
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.29.122960
Parvinderdeep S. Kahlon
1Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
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Shallet Mindih Seta
1Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
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Gesche Zander
1Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
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Daniela Scheikl
2Section of Population genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann Str. 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
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Ralph Hückelhoven
1Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
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  • ORCID record for Ralph Hückelhoven
Matthieu H. A. J. Joosten
3Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Remco Stam
1Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
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  • ORCID record for Remco Stam
  • For correspondence: remco.stam@tum.de
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Abstract

Natural plant populations encounter strong pathogen pressure and defense-associated genes are known to be under different selection pressure dependent on the pressure by the pathogens. Here we use wild tomato Solanum chilense populations to investigate natural resistance against Cladosporium fulvum, a well-known pathogenic fungus of domesticated tomatoes. We show that populations of S. chilense differ in resistance against the pathogen. Next, we explored the underlying molecular processes in a species wide-context. Then, focusing on recognition of the two prominent avirulence factors secreted by C. fulvum (Avr4 and Avr9) in central and northern populations of S. chilense we observed high complexity in the cognate homologues of Cladosporium resistance (Hcr9) locus underlying the recognition of these effectors. Presence of canonical genomic regions coding for Cf-4 and Cf-9, two major dominant resistance genes in the Hcr9 locus recognizing Avr4 and Avr9, respectively, does not meet prediction from Avr response phenotypes. We find both genes in varying fractions of the plant populations and we show possible co-existence of two functionally active resistance genes, previously thought to be allelic. Additionally, we observed the complete local absence of recognition of additional Avr proteins of C. fulvum. In the southern populations we attribute this to changes in the coregulatory network. As a result of loss of pathogen pressure or adaptation to extreme climatic conditions. This may ultimately explain the observed pathogen susceptibility in the southern populations. This work puts major gene mediated disease resistance in an ecological context.

  • Solanum chilense
  • Cladosporium fulvum
  • receptor-like proteins (RLPs)
  • Cf-9
  • tomato
  • resistance

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY 4.0 International license.
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Posted May 31, 2020.
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Population studies of the wild tomato species Solanum chilense reveal geographically structured major gene-mediated pathogen resistance
Parvinderdeep S. Kahlon, Shallet Mindih Seta, Gesche Zander, Daniela Scheikl, Ralph Hückelhoven, Matthieu H. A. J. Joosten, Remco Stam
bioRxiv 2020.05.29.122960; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.29.122960
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Population studies of the wild tomato species Solanum chilense reveal geographically structured major gene-mediated pathogen resistance
Parvinderdeep S. Kahlon, Shallet Mindih Seta, Gesche Zander, Daniela Scheikl, Ralph Hückelhoven, Matthieu H. A. J. Joosten, Remco Stam
bioRxiv 2020.05.29.122960; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.29.122960

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