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Polymer-assisted intratumoral delivery of ethanol: Preclinical investigation of safety and efficacy in a murine breast cancer model

View ORCID ProfileCorrine A. Nief, Robert Morhard, Erika Chelales, Daniel Adrianzen Alvarez, Ioanna Bourla, Christopher T. Lam, View ORCID ProfileAlan A. Sag, View ORCID ProfileBrian T. Crouch, Jenna L. Mueller, David Katz, Mark W. Dewhirst, Jeffrey I. Everitt, Nirmala Ramanujam
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.29.123125
Corrine A. Nief
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
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  • For correspondence: corrine.nief@duke.edu
Robert Morhard
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
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Erika Chelales
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
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Daniel Adrianzen Alvarez
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
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Ioanna Bourla
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
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Christopher T. Lam
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
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Alan A. Sag
2Department of Interventional Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
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Brian T. Crouch
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
3The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
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Jenna L. Mueller
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
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David Katz
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
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Mark W. Dewhirst
5Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
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Jeffrey I. Everitt
6Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
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Nirmala Ramanujam
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
7Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
8Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
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Abstract

Focal tumor ablation with ethanol could provide benefits in low-resource settings because of its low overall cost, minimal imaging technology requirements, and acceptable clinical outcomes. Unfortunately, ethanol ablation is not commonly utilized because of a lack of predictability of the ablation zone, caused by inefficient retention of ethanol at the injection site. To create a predictable zone of ablation, we have developed a polymer-assisted ablation method using ethyl cellulose (EC) mixed with ethanol. EC is ethanol-soluble and water-insoluble, allowing for EC-ethanol to be injected as a liquid and precipitate into a solid, occluding the leakage of ethanol upon contact with tissue. The aims of this study were to compare the 1) safety, 2) release kinetics, 3) spatial distribution, 4) necrotic volume, and 5) overall survival of EC-ethanol to conventional ethanol ablation in a murine breast tumor model. Non-target tissue damage was monitored through localized adverse events recording, ethanol release kinetics with Raman spectroscopy, injectate distribution with in vivo imaging, target-tissue necrosis with NADH-diaphorase staining, and overall survival by proxy of tumor growth. EC-ethanol exhibited decreased localized adverse events, a slowing of the release rate of ethanol, more compact injection zones, 5-fold increase in target-tissue necrosis, and longer overall survival rates compared to the same volume of pure ethanol. A single 150 µL dose of 6% EC-ethanol achieved a similar survival probability rates to six daily 50 µL doses of pure ethanol used to simulate a slow-release of ethanol over 6 days. Taken together, these results demonstrate that EC-ethanol is safer and more effective than ethanol alone for ablating tumors.

Graphical Abstract The inclusion of ethylcellulose limits extra-tumoral leakage of ethanol and increases the target-tissue ablation.

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Footnotes

  • Funding: This study was supported by grants from the North Carolina Biotechnology Center Biotechnology Innovation Grant, the National Institutes of Health R21 (1R21CA241205-01), and the National Institutes of Health R01 (1R01CA239268-01).

  • The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY 4.0 International license.
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Polymer-assisted intratumoral delivery of ethanol: Preclinical investigation of safety and efficacy in a murine breast cancer model
Corrine A. Nief, Robert Morhard, Erika Chelales, Daniel Adrianzen Alvarez, Ioanna Bourla, Christopher T. Lam, Alan A. Sag, Brian T. Crouch, Jenna L. Mueller, David Katz, Mark W. Dewhirst, Jeffrey I. Everitt, Nirmala Ramanujam
bioRxiv 2020.05.29.123125; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.29.123125
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Polymer-assisted intratumoral delivery of ethanol: Preclinical investigation of safety and efficacy in a murine breast cancer model
Corrine A. Nief, Robert Morhard, Erika Chelales, Daniel Adrianzen Alvarez, Ioanna Bourla, Christopher T. Lam, Alan A. Sag, Brian T. Crouch, Jenna L. Mueller, David Katz, Mark W. Dewhirst, Jeffrey I. Everitt, Nirmala Ramanujam
bioRxiv 2020.05.29.123125; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.29.123125

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