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Paleoclimate and current climate collectively shape the phylogenetic and functional diversity of trees worldwide

View ORCID ProfileWen-Yong Guo, View ORCID ProfileJosep M. Serra-Diaz, View ORCID ProfileFranziska Schrodt, View ORCID ProfileWolf L. Eiserhardt, View ORCID ProfileBrian S. Maitner, View ORCID ProfileCory Merow, View ORCID ProfileCyrille Violle, View ORCID ProfileAnne Blach-Overgaard, View ORCID ProfileJian Zhang, Madhur Anand, Michaël Belluau, View ORCID ProfileHans Henrik Bruun, View ORCID ProfileChaeho Byun, View ORCID ProfileJane A. Catford, View ORCID ProfileBruno E. L. Cerabolini, View ORCID ProfileEduardo Chacón-Madrigal, View ORCID ProfileDaniela Ciccarelli, View ORCID ProfileJohannes H. C. Cornelissen, View ORCID ProfileAnh Tuan Dang-Le, Angel de Frutos, View ORCID ProfileArildo S. Dias, Aelton B. Giroldo, View ORCID ProfileAlvaro G. Gutiérrez, View ORCID ProfileWesley Hattingh, Tianhua He, View ORCID ProfilePeter Hietz, View ORCID ProfileNate Hough-Snee, View ORCID ProfileSteven Jansen, View ORCID ProfileJens Kattge, View ORCID ProfileTamir Klein, Benjamin Komac, View ORCID ProfileNathan Kraft, Koen Kramer, View ORCID ProfileSandra Lavorel, Christopher H. Lusk, Adam R. Martin, View ORCID ProfileMaurizio Mencuccini, View ORCID ProfileSean T. Michaletz, View ORCID ProfileVanessa Minden, View ORCID ProfileAkira S. Mori, View ORCID ProfileÜlo Niinemets, View ORCID ProfileYusuke Onoda, View ORCID ProfileRenske E. Onstein, View ORCID ProfileJosep Peñuelas, Valério D. Pillar, View ORCID ProfileJan Pisek, View ORCID ProfileMatthew J. Pound, View ORCID ProfileBjorn J.M. Robroek, Brandon Schamp, View ORCID ProfileMartijn Slot, Ênio Sosinski, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, View ORCID ProfileNelson Thiffault, Peter van Bodegom, View ORCID ProfileFons van der Plas, View ORCID ProfileIan J. Wright, Jingming Zheng, View ORCID ProfileBrian J. Enquist, View ORCID ProfileJens-Christian Svenning
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.02.128975
Wen-Yong Guo
1Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; ; (WYG); (ABO); (JCS)
2Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (WLE)
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  • For correspondence: guowyhgy@gmail.com wenyong.guo@bios.au.dk guowyhgy@gmail.com anne.overgaard@bios.au.dk svenning@bios.au.dk wolf.eiserhardt@bios.au.dk
Josep M. Serra-Diaz
3Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Silva, Nancy, France;
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Franziska Schrodt
4School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom;
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Wolf L. Eiserhardt
2Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (WLE)
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Brian S. Maitner
5Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ 85721, USA; (BSM); (BJE)
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Cory Merow
6Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA;
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Cyrille Violle
7UMR 5175 CEFE, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France;
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Anne Blach-Overgaard
1Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; ; (WYG); (ABO); (JCS)
2Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (WLE)
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Jian Zhang
8Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P.R. China;
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Madhur Anand
9School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada;
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Michaël Belluau
10Centre for Forest Research, Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, PO Box 8888, Centre-ville station, Montréal (Qc) H3C 3P8, Canada;
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Hans Henrik Bruun
11Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark;
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Chaeho Byun
12Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, Korea;
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Jane A. Catford
13Department of Geography, King’s College London, London, WC2B 4BG, UK;
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Bruno E. L. Cerabolini
14Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy;
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Eduardo Chacón-Madrigal
15Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica; 11501-2060 San Jose, Costa Rica;
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Daniela Ciccarelli
16Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Luca Ghini 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
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Johannes H. C. Cornelissen
17Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
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Anh Tuan Dang-Le
18University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam;
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Angel de Frutos
19German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (AdF); (JK); (REO);
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Arildo S. Dias
20Goethe University, Institute for Physical Geography, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
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Aelton B. Giroldo
21Departamento de Ensino, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciências e Tecnologia do Ceará - IFCE campus Crateús, Avenida Geraldo Barbosa Marques, 567, Crateús, Brazil. 63708-260;
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Alvaro G. Gutiérrez
22Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales Renovables, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile;
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Wesley Hattingh
23Global Systems and Analytics, Nova Pioneer, Paulshof, Gauteng, South Africa;
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Tianhua He
24School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, PO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia;
25College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
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Peter Hietz
26Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria;
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Nate Hough-Snee
27Four Peaks Environmental Science and Data Solutions, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA;
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Steven Jansen
28Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
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Jens Kattge
19German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (AdF); (JK); (REO);
29Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans Knöll Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Tamir Klein
30Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel;
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Benjamin Komac
31Centre d’Estudis de la Neu i la Muntanya d’Andorra, Institut d’Estudis Andorrans (CENMA - IEA), Avinguda Rocafort 21–23, AD600 Sant Julià de Lòria, Principality of Andorra;
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Nathan Kraft
32Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
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Koen Kramer
33Wageningen University, Forest Ecology and Management group, Droevendaalseseeeg 4 6700 AA Wageningen; and Land Life Company, Mauritskade 63, 1092AD Amsterdam;
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Sandra Lavorel
34Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, LECA, UMR UGA-USMB-CNRS 5553, Université Grenoble Alpes, CS 40700, 38058 Grenoble Cedex 9, France;
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Christopher H. Lusk
35Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand;
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Adam R. Martin
36Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough. 1265 Military Trail, M1C 1A4 Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
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Maurizio Mencuccini
37ICREA, Barcelona, Spain;
38CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain;
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Sean T. Michaletz
39Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
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Vanessa Minden
40Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
41Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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Akira S. Mori
42Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan;
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Ülo Niinemets
43Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia;
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Yusuke Onoda
44Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake, Kitashirakawa, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan; ;
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Renske E. Onstein
19German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (AdF); (JK); (REO);
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Josep Peñuelas
38CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain;
45CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF- CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain
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Valério D. Pillar
46Department of Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil;
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Jan Pisek
47Tartu Observatory, University of Tartu, Observatooriumi 1, Tõravere, 61602, Tartumaa, Estonia;
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Matthew J. Pound
48Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, United Kingdom;
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Bjorn J.M. Robroek
49Aquatic Ecology & Environmental Biology Group, Faculty of Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Netherlands;
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Brandon Schamp
50Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2G4, Canada;
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Martijn Slot
51Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama;
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Ênio Sosinski
52Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, 70770-917, Brasília, DF, Brazil;
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Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia
53Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands; (NS); (PMvB)
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Nelson Thiffault
54Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Wood Fibre Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., P.O. Box 10380, Stn. Sainte-Foy, Quebec, QC G1V 4C7, Canada;
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Peter van Bodegom
53Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands; (NS); (PMvB)
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Fons van der Plas
55Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Life science, Leipzig University, Germany;
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Ian J. Wright
56Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia;
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  • ORCID record for Ian J. Wright
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Jingming Zheng
57Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Resources and Ecosystem Processes, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China;
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  • For correspondence: zhjmbjfu@yahoo.com
Brian J. Enquist
5Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ 85721, USA; (BSM); (BJE)
58The Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Rd, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
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Jens-Christian Svenning
1Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; ; (WYG); (ABO); (JCS)
2Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (WLE)
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  • For correspondence: wenyong.guo@bios.au.dk guowyhgy@gmail.com anne.overgaard@bios.au.dk svenning@bios.au.dk wolf.eiserhardt@bios.au.dk
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Abstract

Trees are of vital importance for ecosystem functioning and services at local to global scales, yet we still lack a detailed overview of the global patterns of tree diversity and the underlying drivers, particularly the imprint of paleoclimate. Here, we present the high-resolution (110 km) worldwide mapping of tree species richness, functional and phylogenetic diversities based on ∼7 million quality-assessed occurrences for 46,752 tree species (80.5% of the estimated total number of tree species), and subsequent assessments of the influence of paleo-climate legacies on these patterns. All three tree diversity dimensions exhibited the expected latitudinal decline. Contemporary climate emerged as the strongest driver of all diversity patterns, with Pleistocene and deeper-time (>107 years) paleoclimate as important co-determinants, and, notably, with past cold and drought stress being linked to reduced current diversity. These findings demonstrate that tree diversity is affected by paleoclimate millions of years back in time and highlight the potential for tree diversity losses from future climate change.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Paleoclimate and current climate collectively shape the phylogenetic and functional diversity of trees worldwide
Wen-Yong Guo, Josep M. Serra-Diaz, Franziska Schrodt, Wolf L. Eiserhardt, Brian S. Maitner, Cory Merow, Cyrille Violle, Anne Blach-Overgaard, Jian Zhang, Madhur Anand, Michaël Belluau, Hans Henrik Bruun, Chaeho Byun, Jane A. Catford, Bruno E. L. Cerabolini, Eduardo Chacón-Madrigal, Daniela Ciccarelli, Johannes H. C. Cornelissen, Anh Tuan Dang-Le, Angel de Frutos, Arildo S. Dias, Aelton B. Giroldo, Alvaro G. Gutiérrez, Wesley Hattingh, Tianhua He, Peter Hietz, Nate Hough-Snee, Steven Jansen, Jens Kattge, Tamir Klein, Benjamin Komac, Nathan Kraft, Koen Kramer, Sandra Lavorel, Christopher H. Lusk, Adam R. Martin, Maurizio Mencuccini, Sean T. Michaletz, Vanessa Minden, Akira S. Mori, Ülo Niinemets, Yusuke Onoda, Renske E. Onstein, Josep Peñuelas, Valério D. Pillar, Jan Pisek, Matthew J. Pound, Bjorn J.M. Robroek, Brandon Schamp, Martijn Slot, Ênio Sosinski, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Nelson Thiffault, Peter van Bodegom, Fons van der Plas, Ian J. Wright, Jingming Zheng, Brian J. Enquist, Jens-Christian Svenning
bioRxiv 2020.06.02.128975; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.02.128975
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Paleoclimate and current climate collectively shape the phylogenetic and functional diversity of trees worldwide
Wen-Yong Guo, Josep M. Serra-Diaz, Franziska Schrodt, Wolf L. Eiserhardt, Brian S. Maitner, Cory Merow, Cyrille Violle, Anne Blach-Overgaard, Jian Zhang, Madhur Anand, Michaël Belluau, Hans Henrik Bruun, Chaeho Byun, Jane A. Catford, Bruno E. L. Cerabolini, Eduardo Chacón-Madrigal, Daniela Ciccarelli, Johannes H. C. Cornelissen, Anh Tuan Dang-Le, Angel de Frutos, Arildo S. Dias, Aelton B. Giroldo, Alvaro G. Gutiérrez, Wesley Hattingh, Tianhua He, Peter Hietz, Nate Hough-Snee, Steven Jansen, Jens Kattge, Tamir Klein, Benjamin Komac, Nathan Kraft, Koen Kramer, Sandra Lavorel, Christopher H. Lusk, Adam R. Martin, Maurizio Mencuccini, Sean T. Michaletz, Vanessa Minden, Akira S. Mori, Ülo Niinemets, Yusuke Onoda, Renske E. Onstein, Josep Peñuelas, Valério D. Pillar, Jan Pisek, Matthew J. Pound, Bjorn J.M. Robroek, Brandon Schamp, Martijn Slot, Ênio Sosinski, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Nelson Thiffault, Peter van Bodegom, Fons van der Plas, Ian J. Wright, Jingming Zheng, Brian J. Enquist, Jens-Christian Svenning
bioRxiv 2020.06.02.128975; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.02.128975

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